DaLiEH/web/public/hot/js/app.800dafd1.js

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taliensis","灰裂腹鱼 Schizothorax griseus","洱海四须鲃Barbodes daliensis","光唇裂腹鱼 Schizothorax lissolabiatus","侧纹云南鳅 Yunnanilus pleurotaenia","华南鲤 Cyprinus rubrofuscus","青鱼 Mylopharyngodon piceus","草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus","鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix","鳙 Aristichthys nobilis","团头鲂 Megalobrama amblycephala","麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva","棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis","中华鳑鮍 Rhodeus sinensis","高体鳑鮍 Rhodeus ocellatus","波氏栉鰕虎鱼 Ctenogobius cliffordpoperi","子陵栉鰕虎鱼 Ctenogobius giurinus","黄黝鱼 Hypseleotris swinhonis","罗非鱼 Tilapia mossambica","太湖新银鱼 Neosalanx taihuensis","乌鳢 Channa argus","食蚊鱼 Gambusia affinis","䱗 Hemiculter leucisculus","黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco","丁鱥 Tinca tinca"],content:["别名：刀子鱼\n    分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n    分布：全国各地水域常年均有分布。\n    习性：喜欢群集而行。到水草丰茂的浅滩，河湾，芦苇丛中寻食，产卵；遇到水流缓慢或静止不动。<br />\n    <h3>Gold Fish, Carassius auratus</h3>\n    Taxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\n    Distribution: Can be found in water areas throughout the country in all year round.\n    Habits: Prefers to group into bevies. Forages and spawns in shallow shoals with dense grasses, river bays, and reeds; slows down or keeps still when encountering current.","别名：面鱼\n    分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n    分布：云南省大理州洱海流域。\n    习性：自然条件下喜生活于水质清新的江河、水库、湖泊中。属中小型亚冷水性鱼类，云南特有种。为云南四大名贵鱼类之一。<br />\n    <h3>Yunnan Cloven-Breast Fish, Schizothorax yunnanensis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Erhai Basin, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province.\nHabits: Under natural conditions, it prefers to inhabit rivers, reservoirs, and lakes with clear and pure water. It is a small or medium-sized subcold water fish that is endemic to Yunnan. One of the four famous and precious fishes in Yunnan.","别名：弓鱼、竿鱼\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：中国特有种，仅分布于洱海及其附属水系。\n习性：栖息于湖泊中敞水区域，适应于静水环境，主食浮游生物。\n保护级别：国家II级保护动物，已列入中国濒危动物红皮书。<br />\n<h3>Dali Cloven-Breast Fish, Schizothorax taliensis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Endemic to China. Only distributes in the Erhai Lake and its accessory water systems.\nHabits: Inhabits open water areas in the lake. Adapted to still water environment. Mainly feeds on plankton.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal Grade II. Listed in the Red Data Book of Endangered Animals of China.","别名：灰色裂腹鱼\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：分布于金沙江（乌江）、南盘江、澜沧江、龙川江、大盈江水系。\n习性：自然条件下，栖息环境多为水流湍急、砂砾底质。主食水生无脊椎动物，数量较少。<br/>\n<h3>Grey Cloven-Breast Fish, Schizothorax griseus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Water systems of the Yangtze (Wujiang), Nanpan, Lancang, Longchuan, and Great Yingjiang Rivers.\nHabits: Under natural conditions, its habitats are mostly with fast flowing current and gravel bottom. Mainly feeds on invertebrates. Rare.","别名：镖鱼、青脊梁\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：中国特有种，仅分布于洱海流域。\n习性：生活于湖岸水草丛生处，主食水草。五六月间产卵。1960年代后逐年减少，现已不多见。<br/>\n<h3>Erhai Barbel Fish, Barbodes daliensis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Endemic to China. Only distributed in the Erhai Basin.\nHabits: Inhabits grassy region near lakeshores, and mainly feeds on water grasses. Spawns in May and June. Decreased since the 60s. Uncommonly seen nowadays.","别名：面鱼\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：分布于珠江水系南北盘江、元江、澜沧江和怒江等。\n习性：自然条件下，栖息环境多为水流湍急、砂砾底质。下层鱼类，食藻类和有机碎屑。<br/>\n<h3>Smooth-Lipped Cloven-Breast Fish, Schizothorax lissolabiatus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Pearl River System including South and North Panjiang Rivers and Yuanjiang River, Lancang, and Nujiang Rivers.\nHabits: Under natural conditions, its habitats are mostly with fast flowing current and gravel bottom. A demersal fish, feeds on algae and organic debris.","别名：鱼鳅\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes条鳅科Nemacheilidae\n分布：云南滇池、抚仙湖和洱海湖区内的河溪。\n习性：栖息于湖岸浅水区或入湖的河溪缓流处，集群于水底，行动较迟缓。<br/>\n<h3>Striated Stone Loach, Yunnanilus pleurotaenia</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Nemacheilidae\nDistribution: Rivers and streams associated with Dianchi, Fuxian, and Erhai Lakes of Yunnan.\nHabits: Lives in shallow water areas near lakeshores or lake entrance of rivers with slow current. Clusters in the water bottom and moves slowly.","别名：红尾鲤、元江鲤\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：珠江水系、云南元江水系和海南岛。\n习性：鲜活时尾鳍下叶呈红色，偶鳍呈淡红色，故称红尾鲤鱼，其生长速度明显快于几种杂交鲤鱼及其他鲤，并且具有肉味好、适应性强、抗病力强、易起捕等优点。<br/>\n<h3>Amur Carp, Cyprinus rubrofuscus</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Red-Tailed Carp\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: River Systems of the Pearl River, the Yuanjiang River in Yunnan, and Hainan Island.\nHabits: When alive, the lower lobe of the caudal fin is red, and the lateral fins are light red, therefore also called “red-tailed carp”. Its growth speed is quiet higher than several hybrids and other carps. It also bears advantages of good-tastes, strong adaptability, high disease resistance, and easy to be caught.","别名：乌混、黑混、黑鲩、螺蛳青\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：主要分布于我国长江以南的地区。\n习性：青鱼习性不活泼，通常栖息在水的中下层，食物以螺蛳、蚌、蚬、蛤等为主。是中国淡水养殖的四大家鱼之一。<br/>\n<h3>Black Carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Black Chinese Roach\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: It mainly distributes in regions south of the Yangtze River in China.\nHabits: It is usually inactive and inhabits middle to lower levels of the water, and feeds mainly on snails, and clams. It is one of the four major freshwater-bred domestic fishes in China.","别名：鲩、鲩鱼、油鲩、草鲩、白鲩、草根\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：各种水域，比如江河湖泊。\n习性：一般喜居于水的中下层和近岸多水草区域，性活泼，游泳迅速，常成群觅食。为典型的草食性鱼类，是中国淡水养殖的四大家鱼之一。<br/>\n<h3>Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Various water areas such as rivers and lakes.\nHabits: It usually prefers to live in the middle to lower levels of water and nearshore areas with dense grasses. Active, swift-swimming, and often grouped to forage. A typical herbivorous fish, and one of the four major freshwater-bred domestic fishes in China.","别名：白鲢鱼、鲢子、边鱼\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：国内分布于各大水系。\n习性：栖息水的中上层，以海绵状的鳃耙滤食浮游植物。性活泼，善跳跃。是中国淡水养殖的四大家鱼之一。<br/>\n<h3>Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Several major river systems in China.\nHabits: It inhabits the middle to upper levels of water. Feed by filtering phytoplankton with its sponge-like gill rakers. Active and good at jumping. One of the four major freshwater-bred domestic fishes in China.","别名：花鲢鱼、黑鲢、鲢胖头\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：我国各大水系均有分布。\n习性：鳙喜欢生活于静水的中上层，动作较迟缓，不喜跳跃。以浮游动物为主食，亦食一些藻类。是中国淡水养殖的四大家鱼之一。<br/>\n<h3>Bighead Carp, Aristichthys nobilis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Several major river systems in China.\nHabits: It prefers to inhabit the middle and upper levels of still water. Moves slow and dislike jumping. Feeds mainly on zooplankton, and also a few phytoplankton. One of the four major freshwater-bred domestic fishes in China.","别名：武昌鱼、缩项鳊\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：主要分布于长江中、下游的中型湖泊。\n习性：武昌鱼比较适合于静水性生活。为草食性鱼类，鱼种及成鱼以苦草、轮叶黑藻、眼子菜等沉水植物为食，因此食性较广。<br/>\n<h3>Wuchang Bream, Megalobrama amblycephala</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Mainly distributes in the middle-sized lakes in middle and lower sections of the Yangtze River.\nHabits: It relatively prefers to inhabit still water. An herbivorous fish, its fries and adults feeds broadly, mainly on submerged plants such as Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, and Potamogeton distinctus.","别名：罗汉鱼\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：在我国东部地区为土著物种，在云贵高原成为外来入侵物种。\n习性：生活在浅水区。杂食，主食浮游动物，由于其吃蚊子幼虫等特性，许多国家引进其来灭蚊。<br/>\n<h3>Stone Moroko, Pseudorasbora parva</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Topmouth Gudgeon\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Native to eastern China. In the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, it is an invasive species.\nHabits: Lives in shallow water areas. Omnivorous, mainly feeds on plankton. Introduced to many nations to control mosquitoes due to feeding the larvae.","别名：爬虎鱼、沙锤、花里棒子\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：分布于全国各主要水系及湖泊、沟塘中。\n习性：小型鱼类，主要生活于平原河流水清以及沙底处，主食无脊椎动物<br/>\n<h3>Chinese False Gudgeon, Abbottina rivularis</h3\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Several major river systems, lakes, and ponds in China.\nHabits: A small fish. Mainly inhabits rivers in plain with clear water and sandy bottom. Mainly feeds on invertebrates.","别名：彩石鳑鲏、彩石鲋 \n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：主要分布在黄河、长江等水系。\n习性：喜欢淡水湖泊和浅水有水草的地方。食植物和无脊椎动物。<br/>\n<h3>Chinses Blitterling, Rhodeus sinensis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Mainly distributes in the Yellow and Yangtze River Systems.\nHabits: It prefers freshwater lake and shallow water areas with grasses. Feeds on both invertebrates and plants.","别名：火片子、鳑鮍、鳑鮍儿\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：分布于长江以南各水系。\n习性：栖息于湖泊、池塘以及河湾水流缓慢的浅水区，是一种小杂鱼。<br/>\n<h3>Rosy Blitterling, Rhodeus ocellatus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Water systems south of the Yangtze River.\nHabits: It inhabits lakes, ponds, and shallow water areas in river bays with slowly flowing water. One of the small mixed fishes.","别名：鰕虎鱼、庐山石鱼\n分类：鲈形目Perciformes鰕虎鱼科Gobiidae\n分布：长江和珠江的南盘江水系。\n习性：底栖小型鱼类，常栖息在砂石底的山溪流水，亦在江河、湖泊的浅水区生活。<br/>\n<h3>Poper’s Goby, Ctenogobius cliffordpoperi</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Perciformes, Family Gobiidae\nDistribution: The Yangtze River, and the Nanpan River System of the Pearl River.\nHabits: A small, benthic fish, often inhabits mountainous brooks with sandy bottom, and also lives in shallow water areas in rivers and lakes.","别名：普栉鰕虎鱼、子陵吻鰕虎鱼、极乐吻鰕虎\n分类：鲈形目Perciformes鰕虎鱼科Gobiidae\n分布：中国、朝鲜、日本、越南等江河水域。\n习性：栖于江河、 湖泊 、水库及池塘的沿岸浅滩。摄食小鱼、小虾、水生昆虫、水生环节动物、浮游动物及藻类等。<br/>\n<h3>Ctenogobius giurinus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Perciformes, Family Gobiidae\nDistribution: River areas in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.\nHabits: It inhabits offshore shallow water shoals of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. Feeds on small fishes, small shrimps, aquatic annelids, zooplankton, and algae.","别名：黄肚鱼、黄麻嫩\n分类：鲈形目Perciformes塘鳢科Eleotridae\n分布：广泛分布于我国湖泊等静止水体。\n习性：栖息于水体底层，为江河、湖泊常见的小型鱼类。具有攻击性，食物以小鱼、小虾为主，也吃枝角类甲壳动物。<br/>\n<h3>Hypseleotris swinhonis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Perciformes, Family Eleotridae\nDistribution: Widely distributed in still water bodies such as lakes in China.\nHabits: Bottom dweller, and a commonly seen small fish in rivers and lakes. Offensive. Feeds mainly on small fishes and shrimps, and also cladocerans.","别名：非洲鲫鱼、非鲫、越南鱼、南洋鲫\n分类：鲈形目Perciformes丽鱼科Cichlidae\n分布：原产非洲，我国目前广泛养殖。\n习性：在海水、淡水中均可生存。一般栖息于水的中上层。杂食性，常吃水中植物和碎物。<br/>\n<h3>Mozambique Tilapia, Tilapia mossambica</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Perciformes, Family Cichlidae\nDistribution: Native to Africa, and widely bred in China.\nHabits: Can live in both salt and fresh waters. Generally inhabits middle and upper levels of water. Omnivorous, mainly feeds on plant and other debris in the water.","别名：小银鱼、银鱼\n分类：鲑形目Salmoniformes银鱼科Salangidae\n分布：长江中、下游的附属湖泊中，模式产地在太湖。\n习性：纯淡水的种类，终生生活于湖泊内，浮游在水的中、下层，以浮游动物为主食，也食少量的小虾和鱼苗。<br/>\n<h3>Taihu Silverfish, Neosalanx taihuensis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Salmoniformes, Family Salangidae\nDistribution: Affiliated lakes in the middle and lower sectors of the Yangtze River. Its type locality is the Taihu Lake.\nHabits: A pure freshwater fish, spends its entire life in the lake. Floats in the middle and lower levels of water, mainly feeds on zooplankton, and also a small amount of small shrimps and fries.","别名：蛇头鱼、黑鱼、乌鱼、乌棒、蛇头鱼、文鱼\n分类：鲈形目 Perciformes鳢科 Channidae\n分布：除高原地区外，主要分布于长江流域等。\n习性：为肉食性凶猛鱼类，常潜伏在水浑浊、水草丛生的浅水地带，若在水质清澈、水流缓慢或平静的地方，则多隐蔽在水草下面或静止的水层中。<br/>\n<h3>Northern Snakehead, Channa argus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Perciformes, Family Channidae\nDistribution: Disregarding the highlands, it mainly distributes in the Yangtze River Basin.\nHabits: A fierce predator, generally lurks in shallow water area with turbid water and dense grasses. In clear, slowly flowing, or still water areas, it often hide under the grass or stilled water layers.","别名：大肚鱼、柳条鱼、山坑鱼、大眼叮当、白头婆\n分类：鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes花鳉科Poeciliidae\n分布：中国主要分布于长江以南地区的水域。\n习性：平时喜集群游动于水的表层，行动敏捷。一般以小型无脊椎动物为食，尤其喜食蚊子幼体孑孓。<br/>\n<h3>Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia, Gambezi\nTaxonomy: Order Cyprinodontiformes, Family Poeciliidae\nDistribution: In China, it mainly distributes in water areas south of the Yangtze River.\nHabits: Generally, swims in group near the water surface and swiftly moves. Usually feeds on small invertebrates, especially the wrigglers, larvae of mosquito.","别名：白条、䱗子、青鳞子、白鱎、克氏鱎、奇拉、奇力鱼\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：我国除青藏高原外的大部分水体均有分布。\n习性：生活于江河湖泊浅水处缓流或静水水体。属杂食性，以藻类或水生昆虫等为食。<br/>\n<h3>Sharpbelly, Hemiculter leucisculus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: In China, it is widely distributed in many water areas except for Tibet.\nHabits: It lives in shallow, slowly flowing, or still water areas of rivers and lakes. Omnivorous, feeds on algae or aquatic insects, etc.","别名：黄辣丁、黄角丁、黄腊丁、黄公灵、黄牯头\n分类：鲇形目Siluriformes鲿科Bagridae\n分布：广布于中国东部各水系。\n习性：生活于江河湖泊浅水处缓流或静水水体。属杂食性，以藻类或水生昆虫等为食。<br/>\n<h3>Yellowhead Catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Korean Bullhead\nTaxonomy: Order Siluriformes, Family Bagridae\nDistribution: Widely distributed in several river systems in eastern China.\nHabits: It lives in shallow, slowly flowing, or still water areas of rivers and lakes. Omnivorous, feeds on algae or aquatic insects, etc.","别名：丁桂鱼、须鱼岁\n分类：鲤形目Cypriniformes鲤科Cyprinidae\n分布：原产欧洲。在洱海为引入的经济鱼类。\n习性：冷水性鱼类，生活于静水湖泊或缓流的河段。常在底层活动，杂食性，适应性较强。<br/>\n<h3>Tench, Tinca tinca</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Doctor Fish\nTaxonomy: Order Cypriniformes, Family Cyprinidae\nDistribution: Native to Europe. Introduced as an economical fish.\nHabits: A cold water fish. It lives in still water lake or slowly flowing sections of rivers. Generally forages at the bottom. Omnivorous, and bears a strong adaptability."],images:27},{id:"P1yZU1707291",title:["光润金线蛭Whitmania laevis","针海绵Spongilla sp.","中华圆田螺 Cipangopaludina cathayensis","似瓶圆田螺Cipangopaludina lecythoides","绘环棱螺Bellamya limnophila","螺蛳Margarya melanioides","福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata","大脐圆扁螺Hippeutis umbilicalis","背角无齿蚌Anodonta woodiana","河蚬Corbicula fluminea","克氏原螯虾Procambarus clarkii","日本沼虾Macrobrachium nipponense","溪蟹 Potamon sp.","牛蛙Rana catesbeiana","多疣狭口蛙Kaloula verrucosa","紫灰锦蛇Elaphe porphyracea","王锦蛇Elaphe carinata","云南萝卜螺Radix yunnanensis"],content:["分类：无吻蛭目 Arhynchobdellida黄蛭科 Haemopidae\n    分布：全国广泛分布。\n    习性：生活在稻田、沟渠、浅水污秽坑塘等处，不嗜吸人畜血液，常以螺类（田螺、椎实螺）及昆虫幼虫等为食。繁殖量小，产量低，不宜人工规模养殖。<br/>\n    <h3>Freshwater Leech, Whitmania laevis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Arhynchobdellida, Family Haemopidae\nDistribution: All around the country.\nHabits: Lives in paddy fields, ditches, canals, shallow water, sewage ponds and lagoons. Do not suck blood of human nor livestock. Often feeds on snails (viviparid and lymnaeid) and larvae of insects. Breeds with a low amount and yield, this species is not suitable for artificial breeding.","分类：多孔动物门Porifera单轴目Monaxonida海绵科Spongiidae\n分布：洱海及其上游水域。\n习性：喜附着于苦草等水生植物的茎叶上，或附着或包裹在螺蛳、蚬、蚌等软体动物的贝壳上。<br/>\n<h3>Freshwater Sponge, Spongilla sp.</h3>\nTaxonomy: Phylum Porifera, Order Monaxonida, Family Spongiidae\nDistribution: Erhai Lake and its upstream.\nHabits: Prefers to attach on leaves and stems of eelgrasses. Also attaches on or encloses shells of mollusks, such as fresh water snails, clams, and mussels.","别名：田螺、香螺\n分类：中腹足目Mesogastropoda田螺科Viviparidae\n分布：广泛分布于全国各地，以长江流域为甚。\n习性：生活在水草丰茂的沟渠、池、塘、水库及稻田内，以水生植物的叶及低等藻类为食。卵胎生。<br/>\n<h3>Chinese Freshwater Snail, Cipangopaludina cahayensis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Mesogastropoda, Family Viviparidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed around China, centralized in the Yangtze River Basin.\nHabits: Lives in canals, ditches, ponds, reservoirs with dense grasses, and paddy fields. Feeds on leaves of aquatic plants and simple algae. Ovoviviparous.","别名：田螺、螺蛳\n分类：中腹足目Mesogastropoda田螺科Viviparidae\n分布： 云南、贵州、浙江等。\n习性：生活于池塘、水田内，以水生植物和藻类为食。<br/>\n<h3>Cipangopaludina lecythoides</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Mesogastropoda, Family Viviparidae\nDistribution: Yunnan, Guizhou, and Zhejiang, etc.\nHabits: Lives in ponds and paddy fields, and feeds on aquatic plants and algae.","别名：螺蛳、湖螺\n分类：中腹足目Mesogastropoda田螺科Viviparidae\n分布：四川、云南。\n习性：生活在河流、稻田、坑塘、湖泊等水环境，以小型藻类和大型植物表皮等有机物为食。<br/>\n<h3>Bellamya limnophila</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Mesogastropoda, Family Viviparidae\nDistribution: Sichuan and Yunnan.\nHabits: Lives in water environments such as rivers, paddy fields, ponds, and lakes. Feeds on organic matter such as small algae and epidermis of macrophytes.","别名：方田螺\n分类：中腹足目Mesogastropoda田螺科Viviparidae\n分布：仅分布云南省湖泊。 \n习性：生活于河沟、湖泊、池沼及水田内；多栖息于腐殖质较多的水底。以藻类及其他植物的表皮为食。\n保护级别：国家二级保护动物。<br />\n<h3>Luosi Snail, Margarya melanioides</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Mesogastropoda, Family Viviparidae\nDistribution: Endemic to some lakes in Yunnan.\nHabits: Lives in river ditches, lakes, ponds, and paddy fields. Usually inhabits water bottom with plenty of humus. Feeds on algae and epidermis of macrophytes.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal Grade II.","别名：大瓶螺、苹果螺\n分类：中腹足目Mesogastropoda瓶螺科Ampullariidae\n分布：原产南美，1981年传入中国大陆，现分布我国南方各省，为重要外来入侵有害生物。 \n习性：生活在水质清新、饵料充足的淡水中，多集群栖息于池边浅水区，或吸附在水生植物茎叶上。<br/>\n<h3>Channeled Applesnail, Pomacea canaliculata</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Golden Apple Snail\nTaxonomy: Order Mesogastropoda, Family Ampullariidae\nDistribution: Native to South America. Introduced into mainland China in 1981, and now widely distributed in several provinces of South China as an invasive pest.\nHabits: Lives in freshwater with clear water and abundant food resources. Usually clusters in shallow water area near lakeshores, or attached to the stems and leaves of aquatic plants.","别名：扁卷螺\n分类：基眼目Basommatophora扁蜷螺科Planorbidae\n分布：分布在江苏、安徽、福建、台湾、广东、广西、贵州和云南等省；印度、菲律宾等。 \n习性：栖于小溪、灌溉沟渠、池沼，喜附于水生植物上，以藻类、腐殖质等为食，为鱼类及野禽天然饵料。<br/>\n<h3>Hippeutis umbilicalis </h3>\nTaxonomy: Basommatophora, Family Planorbidae\nDistribution: Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Yunnan, etc. Can also be found from India and the Philippines.\nHabits: Lives in small streams, irrigation canals, and ponds. Prefers to attach on aquatic plants. Feeds on algae and humus. A natural bait for fishes and wild poutry.","别名：河蚌\n分类：真瓣鳃目Eulamellibranchia蚌科Unionidae\n分布：黑龙江、山东、浙江、江苏、江西、湖南、云南等省。\n习性：多栖息于淤泥底质、水流略缓或静水水域内，是一种常见的种类。<br/>\n<h3>Chinese Pond Mussel, Anodonta woodiana</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Eastern Asiatic Freshwater Clam, Swan-Mussel\nTaxonomy: Order Enlamellibranchia, Family Unionidae\nDistribution: Heilongjiang, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Yunnan.\nHabits: Usually inhabits still water areas with sludge-bottom and slowly flowing water. A common species.","别名：蚬、黄蚬、蟟仔、沙螺、沙喇、蝲仔\n分类：真瓣鳃目Eulamellibranchia蚬科Corbiculidae\n分布：广泛分布于我国内陆水域。\n习性：栖息于底质多为沙、沙泥或泥的江河、湖泊、沟渠、池塘及河口咸淡水水域。以浮游生物为食物。<br/>\n<h3>Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Eulamellibranchia, Family Corbiculidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed in the inland water areas of China.\nHabits: Lives in rivers, lakes, canals, ponds, and fresh-salt water regions in river estuaries with sandy, sand-mud, or sludge bottoms. Feeds on plankton.","别名：小龙虾、红螯虾和淡水小龙虾\n分类：十足目Decapoda螯虾科Cabaridae\n分布：广泛分布于我国内陆水域。\n习性：夜间活动性动物，营底栖爬行生活。栖息在湖泊、河流、水库、沼泽、池塘及沟渠中。食性广泛，动植物的腐殖质、鲜活动植物以及谷类、鱼饲料都可食用。<br/>\n<h3>Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Red Swamp Crayfish, Louisiana Crawfish, Mudbug\nTaxonomy: Order Decapoda, Family Cabaridae\nDistribution: Widely distributed in water areas in China.\nHabits: A nocturnal animal. Lives benthic and crawling. Inhabits lakes, rivers, reservoirs, swamps, ponds, and canals. Diets are broad, involving humus of animal or vegetation, alive animal and plants, grains, and fish foods.","别名：青虾、河虾 \n分类：十足目Decapoda长臂虾科Palaemonidae\n分布：广泛分布于我国内陆水域。\n习性：为我国重要的淡水食用虾，栖憩湖泊，池塘和江河中。<br/>\n<h3>Oriental River Prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Decapoda, Family Palaemonidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed in the inland water areas of China.\nHabits: An important freshwater prawn for food in China. It inhabits lakes, ponds, and rivers.","别名：河蟹、螃蟹\n分类：十足目Decapoda溪蟹科 Potamidae\n分布：国内广泛分布。\n习性：在山溪石下或溪岸两旁的水草丛和泥沙间，有些也穴居于河、湖、沟渠岸边的洞穴里。杂食性，但偏喜肉食，主要以鱼、虾、昆虫为食物。<br/>\n<h3>Freshwater Crab, Potamon sp.</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Decapoda, Family Potamidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed around China.\nHabits: Under rocks in montane streams, or in grasses and sands in the sides of streams. Some of them inhabits offshore caves in rivers, lakes, and canals. Omnivorous, but prefers meat. Mainly feeds on fishes, shrimps, and insects.","别名：美国牛蛙、喧蛙、食用蛙\n分类：无尾目 Anura蛙科Ranidae\n分布：原产于北美洲，中国主要靠养殖生产，全国各地均产。\n习性：独居的水栖蛙，因其叫声大而得名。为食用蛙类中之体型最大者，体重可达1公斤以上。食物构成以动物性饲料为主，尤其喜食活饵。<br/>\n<h3>American Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Bullfrog\nTaxonomy: Order Anura, Family Ranidae\nDistribution: Native to North America. In China, it has been widely bred.\nHabits: A solitary, aquatic frog, famous due to its noisy sounds. It is the largest edible frog, and its maximum weight exceeds 1 km. Its diets comprise mostly animal foods. It prefers live foods.","别名：气鼓子\n分类：无尾目 Anura姬蛙科Microhylidae\n分布：国内分布在四川、贵州和云南。\n习性：主要栖息于水塘、菜地及路旁的排水沟中。属中国西南地区特有种，其生存的海拔范围为1800至2100米。<br/>\n<h3>Verrucous Digging Frog, Kaloula verrucosa</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Chinese Narrowmouth Toad\nTaxonomy: Order Anura, Family Mcrohylidae\nDistribution: In China, it can mainly be found from Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan.\nHabits: Mainly inhabits ponds, vegetable fields, and drainage ditches along roadside. It is an endemic species to Southwest China. Its living altitudes range from 1,800 to 2,100 m.","别名：红竹蛇\n分类：有鳞目Squamata游蛇科Colubridae\n分布：指名亚种分布于河南、四川、贵州、云南、西藏等省。\n习性：生活于海拔200至2400米山区的林缘、路旁、耕地、溪边及居民点，以小型啮齿类动物为食。\n保护：中国“三有”保护动物。<br/>\n<h3>Black-Banded Trinket Snale, Elaphe porphyracea</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Red Bamboo Snale, Thai Bamboo Snake, Red Mountain Racer\nTaxonomy: Order Squamata, Family Colubridae\nDistribution: Its nominal subspecies lives in Henan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet, etc.\nHabits: Lives in mountainous forest margin, roadsides, farmlands, stream sides, and residential areas. Feeds on small rodents.","别名：大王蛇、蛇王、菜花蛇、王蛇、臭黄蛇、麻蛇\n分类：有鳞目Squamata游蛇科Colubridae\n分布：分布在陕西、河南、甘肃及南方各省。\n习性：主要生活在丘陵和山地，在平原的河边、库区及田野均有栖息。主要以鼠类、蛙类、鸟类及鸟蛋为主食。\n保护：中国“三有”保护动物。<br/>\n<h3>King Ratsnake, Elaphe carinata</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Squamata, Family Colubridae\nDistribution: It can be found from Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu, and several provinces in South China.\nHabits: Mainly inhabits hills and mountainous areas, riversides in plains, reservoirs, and farmlands. Mainly feeds on rodents, frogs, birds and their eggs.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”","别名：椎实螺、痕螺\n分类：基眼目Basommatophora椎实螺科Lymnaeidae\n分布：云南。\n习性：栖息于小水洼、沟渠、稻田、池塘、湖泊。植食性，家禽、鱼类的天然饵料。<br/>\n<h3>Yunnan Radish Snail, Radix yunnanensis </h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Basommatophora, Family Lymnaeidae\nDistribution: Yunnan\nHabits: Inhabits small puddles, canals, ditches, paddy fields, ponds, and lakes. Herbivorous. It is a natural food for domestic poultry and fishes."],images:18},{id:"7XkBn709125",title:["普通鸬鹚Phalacrocorax carbo","苍鹭Ardea cinerea","绿鹭Butorides striatus","池鹭Ardeola bacchus","白鹭Egretta garzetta","夜鹭Nycticorax nycticorax","黄斑苇鳽Ixobrychus sinensis","灰雁Anser anser","斑头雁Anser indicus","赤麻鸭Tadorna ferruginea","针尾鸭Anas acuta","罗纹鸭Anas falcata","绿翅鸭Anas crecca","绿头鸭Anas platyrhynchos","斑嘴鸭Anas poecilorhyncha","赤膀鸭Anas strepera","琵嘴鸭Anas clypeata","红头潜鸭Aythya ferina","凤头潜鸭Aythya fuligula","普通秋沙鸭Mergus merganser","灰鹤Grus grus","普通秧鸡Rallus aquaticus","红胸田鸡Porzana fusca","白胸苦恶鸡Amaurornis phoenicurus","黑水鸡Gallinula chloropus","骨顶鸡Fulica atra","彩鹬Rostratula benghalensis","凤头麦鸡Vanellus vanellus","灰头麦鸡Microsarcops cinreus","环颈鸻Charadrius alexandrinus","青脚鹬Tringa nebularia","白腰草鹬Tringa ochropus","矶鹬Actitis hypoleucos","灰鹬Heteroscelus incanus","扇尾沙锥Gallinago gallinago","黑尾鸥Larus crassirostris","银鸥Larus argentatus","灰背鸥Larus schistisagus","渔鸥Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus","红嘴鸥Larus ridibundus","冠鱼狗Megaceryle lugubris","普通翠鸟Alcedo atthis","白胸翡翠Halcyon smyrnensis","长趾滨鹬Calidris subminuta","大白鹭Egretta alba","黑翅长脚鹬Himantopus himantopus","金眶鸻Charadrius dubius","林鹬Tringa glareola","牛背鹭Bubulcus ibis","翘鼻麻鸭Tadorna tadorna","小田鸡Porzana pusilla","海鸥Larus canus","环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus","蓝翡翠Halcyon pileata","栗苇鳽Ixobrychus cinnamomeus","小黄脚鹬Tringa flavipes","小鸊鷉Tachybatus ruficollis","鸳鸯Aix galericulata","普通燕鸻Glareola maldivarum","蓝胸秧鸡Gallirallus striatus","蒙古沙鸻Charadrius mongolus","沙锥Gallinago sp.","青头潜鸭Aythya baeri"],content:["别名：黑鱼郎、水老鸦、鱼鹰\n            分类：鹈形目Pelecaniformes 鸬鹚科Phalacrocoracidae\n            分布：分布于欧洲、亚洲、非洲、澳洲和北美。\n            习性：栖息于河流、湖泊、池塘、水库、河口及其沼泽地带。以各种鱼类为食。\n            保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n            大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n            <h3>Great Cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo</h3>\n            Other Vernacular Names: Black Shag, Great Black Cormorant\nTaxonomy: Order Pelecaniformes, Family Phalacrocoracidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed across the Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and North America.\nHabits: It inhabits rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and estuarine region and its marshland. Feeds on various kinds of fishes.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：老等、灰鹳、青庄\n分类：鹈形目Pelecaniformes 鹭科 Ardeidae\n分布：在中国几乎遍及全国各地。\n习性：多在水边浅水处或沼泽地上。主要以小型鱼类、虾、蜥蜴、蛙和昆虫，包括蜻蜓稚虫等动物性食物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Grey Heron, Ardea cinerea</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Pelecaniformes, Family Ardeidae\nDistribution: Nearly all over China.\nHabits: It usually forages in shallow water area or swamp near water. Mainly feeds on animal derived food such as small fishes including loach, insects including dragonfly naiad, lizard, and frog, etc.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：绿背鹭、绿鹭鸶、打鱼郎、绿蓑鹭\n分类：鹈形目Pelecaniformes 鹭科 Ardeidae\n分布：在中国主要分布于东部及南方地区。\n习性：绿鹭栖息于山区沟谷、河流、湖泊、水库林缘与灌木草丛中。主要以各种鱼类为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Striated Heron, Butorides striatus</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Mangrove Heron, Little Heron, Green-Backed Heron\nTaxonomy: Order Pelecaniformes, Family Ardeidae\nDistribution: Mainly eastern and southern regions in China.\nHabits: It inhabits mountainous valleys, rivers, lakes, and forests, bushes and grasses of reservoirs. Mainly feed on various kinds of fishes.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：红毛鹭、中国池鹭、红头鹭鸶、沼鹭\n分类：鹈形目Pelecaniformes 鹭科 Ardeidae \n分布：在中国常见于华南、华中及华北地区。\n习性：栖息于稻田、池塘、湖泊、水库和沼泽湿地等水域。以鱼、虾、螺、蛙、泥鳅、水生昆虫、蝗虫等为食，兼食少量植物性食物。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Chinese Pond Heron, Ardeola bacchus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Pelecaniformes, Family Ardeidae\nDistribution: Can usually be found from South, Central and North China.\nHabits: Inhabits water area such as paddy fields, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, swamps, and wetlands. Feeds on fishes, shrimps, snails, frogs, loaches, aquatic insects, and grasshoppers, etc. Vegetative food is also consumed with a small amount.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：小白鹭\n分类：鹈形目Pelecaniformes 鹭科 Ardeidae\n分布：分布在中国南方、台湾及海南岛。\n习性：栖息于沿海岛屿、海岸及其沿海附近的江河、水稻田和沼泽地带。主要以各种小型鱼类为食，也吃虾、蟹、蝌蚪和水生昆虫等动物性食物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Little Egret, Egretta garzetta</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Pelecaniformes, Family Ardeidae\nDistribution: Southern part of China, including Taiwan and Hainan Islands.\nHabits: Inhabits offshore islands, coasts, inshore lakes, paddy fields, and swamps. Mainly feed on various kinds of small fishes, and also other animal derived food such as shrimps, crabs, tadpoles, and aquatic insects.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：水洼子、灰洼子、苍鳽、星鳽、夜鹰、夜鹤、夜游鹤\n分类：鹈形目Pelecaniformes 鹭科 Ardeidae\n分布：在中国主要分布于西南地区、东南沿海，此外还有东南亚和太平洋诸岛屿。\n习性：栖息于平原和低山丘陵地区的溪流、沼泽和水田地上。主要以鱼、蛙、虾、水生昆虫等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Black-Crowned Night Heron, Nycticorax nycticorax</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Black-Capped Night Heron, Night Heron\nTaxonomy: Order Pelecaniformes, Family Ardeidae\nDistribution: It mainly occurs in southwestern region and eastern coasts of China, Mainland Southeast Asia, and some Pacific Islands.\nHabits: Inhabits streams, swamps, and paddy fields in plains, low mountains and hills. Mainly feeds on fishes, frogs, shrimps, and aquatic insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：小黄鹭、黄秧鸡、黄小鹭、黄雀子\n分类：鹈形目Pelecaniformes 鹭科 Ardeidae\n分布：在中国常见于东北、华北和长江以南地区。\n习性：栖息于沼泽地芦苇塘或水边浅水处，主要以小鱼、虾、蛙、水生昆虫等动物性食物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Yellow Bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Pelecaniformes, Family Ardeidae\nDistribution: Mainly occurs in Northeast, North China, and regions south of the Yangtze River.\nHabits: It inhabits swamp, reed ponds, or shallow water area. Mainly feed animal derived food such as fishes, shrimps, frogs, and aquatic insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：大雁、沙鹅、灰腰雁、红嘴雁、沙雁\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：在中国分布于西北、黑龙江，于长江以南越冬。\n习性：多栖息在水域岸边、草原、农田、荒地和浅水处。以各种水生和陆生植物的叶、根、茎和果实等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Greylag Goose, Anser anser</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Graylag Goose\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: Mainly occurs in Northwest and Heilongjiang in China. Overwinters in south of the Yangtze River.\nHabits: Usually inhabits water shores, grasslands, farmlands, uncultivated lands, and shallow water areas. Feeds on leaves, roots, stems and fruits of various kinds of aquatic and terrestrial plants.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：白头雁、黑纹头雁\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：在中国青海、西藏、新疆西部的湖泊和呼伦贝尔。\n习性：栖息在高原湖泊和开阔而多沼泽地带。以禾本科和莎草科植物为食，也吃软体动物和其他动物。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Bar-Headed Goose, Anser indicus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: Lakes in Qinghai, Tibet, western Xinjiang, and Hulunbuir of Inner Mongolia.\nHabits: It inhabits highland lakes and open, swampy areas. Feed on plants in families Poaceae and Cyperaceae, and also mollusks and other animals.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：黄鸭、黄凫、渎凫、红雁\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：在中国东北、华北、长江流域省份，偶见于台湾岛内。\n习性：栖息于草原、沼泽、农田和平原疏林等各类生境中。以水生植物和昆虫、甲壳动物、软体动物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Ruddy Shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Brahminy Duck\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: Provinces in Northeast, North and the Yangzte River Basin of China, and occasionally, Taiwan.\nHabits: It inhabits various habitats such as grassland, swamp, paddy fields, and sparse forest in plains. Feeds on aquatic plants, insects, crustaceans, and mollusks.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：长尾凫、长闹、拖枪鸭、中鸭\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：遍布中国东北和华北各省。\n习性：栖息于各种类型的河流、沼泽、盐碱湿地以及开阔的沿海地带和海湾等生境中。主要以草籽和其他水生植物组织为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Northern Pintail, Anas acuta</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Pintail\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed in Northeast and North China.\nHabits: It inhabits various types of environment such as rivers, swamps, saline alkali wetlands, open coastland, and gulfs. Mainly feeds on grass seeds and other tissues of aquatic plants.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：葭凫、镰刀鸭、扁头鸭、早鸭、三鸭\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：在中国主要分布在内蒙古、黑龙江、吉林。\n习性：主要栖息于江河、湖泊、河湾、河口及其沼泽地带。主要以水藻、水生植物和稻谷为食，偶尔也吃软体动物、甲壳类和水生昆虫等。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Falcated Duck, Anas falcata</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Falcated Teal\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: In China, it mainly occurs in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, and Jilin.\nHabits: Mainly inhabits rivers, lakes, coves, estuaries and their swampy areas. Mainly feeds on algae, aquatic plants and grains, and occasionally, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：小凫、小水鸭、小麻鸭、巴鸭、八鸭、小蚬鸭\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：广泛分布于美洲、欧洲、亚洲和非洲等地。\n习性：栖息在开阔、水生植物茂盛且少干扰的中小型湖泊和各种水塘中。主要以水生植物种子和嫩叶为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Eurasian Teal, Anas crecca</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Common Teal, Eurasian Green-Winged Teal\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: Widely occurs in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.\nHabits: It inhabits open, undisturbed middle to small lakes and various types of ponds with flourishing aquatic plants. Mainly feeds on seeds and tender leaves of aquatic plants.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：大绿头,大红腿鸭,官鸭,对鸭,大麻鸭,青边\n分类：雁形目 Anseriformes 鸭科Anatidae\n分布：繁殖于中国西北和东北，越冬于西藏西南及北纬40°以南的华中、华南广大地区，包括台湾。\n习性：通常栖息于淡水湖畔。杂食性，主要以野生植物组织比如种子为食，也吃软体动物、甲壳类、水生昆虫等。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Wild Duck\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: It breeds in Northwest and Northeast China, and overwinters in southwestern Tibet and most regions of Central and South China south of 40° N, including Taiwan.\nHabits: It usually inhabits freshwater lakeshores. Omnivorous, mainly feeds on vegetative tissues such as seeds, and also mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：谷鸭、黄嘴尖鸭、火燎鸭\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：在中国繁殖于东北、青海和四川；越冬在中国长江以南、西藏南部和台湾。\n习性：栖息于淡水湖畔、江河和沿海盐场等水域。主要吃水生植物，包括藻类、草籽和谷物，也食昆虫。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Indian Spot-Billed Duck, Anas poecilorhyncha</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: It breeds in Northeast, Qinghai, and Sichuan, and overwinters in south of the Yangtze River, southern Tibet, and Taiwan in China.\nHabits: It inhabits water regions such as freshwater lakeshores, rivers, and coastal saltworks. Mainly feeds on aquatic vegetation including algae, grass seeds, and grains, and also insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：青边仔、漈凫\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：在中国主要繁殖于新疆天山和东北北部。\n习性：栖息在江河、湖泊、水库、河湾、水塘和沼泽等内陆水域中。以水生植物，包括青草、浆果和谷粒为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Gadwall, Anas strepera</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: Mainly breeds in Tianshan Mountains and northern region of Northeast China.\nHabits: It mainly inhabits inland water area such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, coves, ponds, and swamps. Feeds on aquatic vegetation such as grass, berries and grains.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：铲土鸭、宽嘴鸭\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：广布于整个北半球。\n习性：栖息于开阔地区的河流、湖泊、沼泽等水域环境中。主要以软体动物、甲壳类、水生昆虫、鱼等为食，也食水藻、草籽等。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Northern Shoveler, Anas clypeata</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Shoveler\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere.\nHabits: It inhabits water areas such as rivers, lakes, and swamps in open land. Mainly feeds on mollusks, crustaceans, aquatic insects, fishes, and also algae and grass seeds.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：红头鸭、矶凫\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：北半球广布。\n习性：栖息于富有水生植物的开阔湖泊、水塘、河湾等各类水域中。主要以水生植物及其种子、软体动物、甲壳类、水生昆虫、小鱼和虾等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Common Pochard, Aythya ferina</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere.\nHabits: It inhabits various kinds of water regions with flourishing aquatic plants such as open lakes, ponds, and coves. Mainly feeds on aquatic plants such as grass and its seeds, mollusks, crustaceans, aquatic insects, small fishes, and shrimps.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：泽凫、凤头鸭子、黑头四鸭\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：在中国大部地区均有分布。\n习性：主要栖息于湖泊、河流、沼泽等开阔水面，食物主要为虾、蟹、水生昆虫和小鱼等。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Tufted Duck, Aythya fuligula</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Tufted Pochard\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: It can be found widely across China.\nHabits: It inhabits open water areas such as lakes, rivers, and swamps. Mainly feeds on shrimps, crabs, aquatic insects, and small fishes, etc.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：在中国主要分布于东北、新疆、青海、西藏及福建等地。\n习性：栖息于森林和森林附近的江河、湖泊、河口地区和开阔的高原地区水域。以小鱼、软体动物、甲壳类、石蚕等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Common Merganser, Mergus merganser</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nOther Vernacular Name: Goosander\nDistribution: In China, it mainly occurs in Northeast, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, and Fujian, etc.\nHabits: It inhabits forests and nearby rivers, lakes, estuaries, and open highland water areas. Mainly feeds on small fishes, mollusks, crustaceans, and caddisfly larvae.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：千岁鹤、玄鹤、番薯鹤\n分类：鹤形目Gruiformes 鹤科Gruidae\n分布：在欧亚大陆北部繁殖；在非洲及亚洲等地越冬。\n习性：喜欢栖息在富有水边植物的开阔湖泊。杂食性，但以植物为主，也吃昆虫、蚯蚓、蛙、蛇、鼠等。\n保护级别：国家II级重点保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Common Crane, Grus grus</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Eurasian Crane\nTaxonomy: Order Gruiformes, Family Gruidae\nDistribution: It breeds in the northern regions of Eurasia, and overwinters in Africa and Asia, etc.\nHabits: It prefers to inhabit open lake surrounded by dense plants. Omnivorous, although dominated by plants, it also feeds insects, worms, frogs, snakes, and mice.\nProtection Level: National Important Protected Animal Class II.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：秋鸡、水鸡\n分类：鹤形目Gruiformes秧鸡科Rallidae\n分布：在中国东北、河北一带繁殖，迁福建、广东一带越冬。\n习性：栖息于水边植被茂密处和我沼泽地。杂食性，以软体动物、昆虫，植物嫩枝、根、种子和果实为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/>\n<h3>Water Rail, Rallus aquaticus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Gruiformes, Family Rallidae\nDistribution: In breeds in Northeast and Hebei, and migrates to Fujian and Guangdong to pass winter in China.\nHabits: It inhabits vegetative area around water and swamp. It is omnivorous, mainly feeds on mollusks, insects, tender branches, roots, seeds, and fruits.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：红腹秧鸡、红胸米鸡\n分类：鹤形目Gruiformes秧鸡科Rallidae\n分布：在中国广泛分布，其云南亚种主要分布在云南和四川。\n习性：栖息于沼泽、湖滨与河岸草丛与灌丛。主要以水生昆虫、软体动物和水生植物叶、芽、种子为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nRuddy-Breasted Crake, Porzana fusca</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Ruddy Crake\nTaxonomy: Order Gruiformes, Family Rallidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed in China. Its Yunnan subspecies is limited in Yunnan and Sichuan.\nHabits: It inhabits swamps, lakeshores, and grasses and brushes in river banks. Mainly feed on aquatic insects, mollusks, and leaves, buds, and seeds of aquatic plants.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：白胸秧鸡、白面鸡、白腹秧鸡\n分类：鹤形目Gruiformes秧鸡科Rallidae\n分布：在中国分布于东南沿海地区、香港、海南岛和台湾。\n习性：栖息于长有芦苇或杂草的沼泽地和有灌木的高草丛。以小型水生动物包括昆虫，以及植物种子为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nWhite-Breasted Waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Gruiformes, Family Rallidae\nDistribution: In China, it occurs in southeastern coastal regions, including Hong Kong, Hainai and Taiwan.\nHabits: It inhabits swamps with reed or various grasses, and thick growths of grasses wit bushes. Mainly feeds on small aquatic animals including insects, and plant seeds.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分布：在广布于除大洋洲以外的世界各地。\n习性：栖息于富有芦苇和其他水生挺水植物的淡水湿地。以水草、小鱼虾和水生昆虫等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nCommon Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Waterhen, Swamp Chicken\nTaxonomy: Order Gruiformes, Family Rallidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed around the world except Oceania.\nHabits: It inhabits freshwater wetlands with flourishing reed and other emergent aquatic plants. Feeds on aquatic grasses, small fishes and shrimps, and aquatic insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：白骨顶\n分类：鹤形目Gruiformes 秧鸡科Rallidae\n分布：广泛分布于世界各地。\n习性：栖息于低山丘陵和平原草地、甚至荒漠与半荒漠地带的各类水域中，杂食性，但主要以植物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nEurasian Coot, Fulica atra</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Gruiformes, Family Rallidae\nDistribution: Widely distributed in the world.\nHabits: It inhabits various kinds of water areas in lowland hills, grassland in plains, even desert and semi-desert areas. Although omnivorous, it mainly feeds on vegetation.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes 彩鹬科Rostratulidae\n分布：在中国留居于西南和沿海地区。\n习性：栖息于平原、丘陵、山地中的芦苇水塘和水稻田中。以谷物和各种小型无脊椎动物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nGreater Painted-Snipe, Rostratula benghalensis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Rostratulidae\nDistribution: In China, it is residential to southwestern and coastal regions.\nHabits: It inhabits plains, hills, mountain-surrounded reed ponds and paddy fields. Feeds on grains and various kinds of small invertebrates.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：田凫\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鸻科Charadriidae\n分布：繁殖于中国北方大部分地区，越冬于北纬32°以南。\n习性：栖息地通常在湿地、沼泽等。以小型无脊椎动物如蝗虫、蛙类、植物种子等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nNorthern Lapwing, Vanellus vanellus</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Peewit, Pewit, Tuit, Tew-It, Green Plover, Pyewipe, Lapwing\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Charadriidae\nDistribution: It breeds in most areas in Northern China, and overwinters in regions south of 32° N.\nHabits: Its habitats are often in wetlands and swamps. Feeds on small invertebrates such as grasshoppers, frogs, and plant seeds.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes 鸻科Charadriidae\n分布：在中国大陆，分布于华北、华南等地。\n习性：栖息于水边或草地上。主要吃水生昆虫、蝗虫，也吃虾、螺、蚯蚓等小型无脊椎动物和大量杂草种子及植物嫩叶。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nGrey-Headed Lapwing, Microsarcops cinereus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Charadriidae\nDistribution: In mainland, it occurs in North and South China.\nHabits: It inhabits water sides and grasslands. Mainly feeds on small invertebrates such as aquatic insects, grasshoppers, shrimps, snails, earthworms, and a large amount of grass seeds and tender leaves.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：东方环颈鸻\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鸻科Charadriidae\n分布：在美洲、非洲及古北界的南部；于南方越冬。\n习性：栖息于河滩、湖泊、沼泽、盐湖等湿地。主要以昆虫、蠕虫、小型甲壳类和软体动物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nKentish Plover, Charadrius alexandrinus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Charadriidae\nDistribution: North America, Africa, and southern Palearctic Region. Overwinters in the south.\nHabits: It inhabits wetlands including river banks, lakes, swamps, and salt lakes. Mainly feed insects, worms, small crustaceans, and mollusks.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鹬科Scolopacidae\n分布：在中国大陆，分布于华北和华南等地。\n习性：喜欢栖息于沿海和内陆的沼泽地带及大河流的泥滩。以虾、蟹、小鱼、螺、水生昆虫为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nCommon Greenshank, Tringa nebularia</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Scolopacidae\nDistribution: In the mainland, it can be found from North and South China.\nHabits: It prefers to inhabit swampy area and mudbank of large rivers in coastal and inland regions. Feeds on shrimps, crabs, small fishes, snails, and aquatic insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：草鹬\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鹬科Scolopacidae\n分布：在中国分布于华北和华南等地。\n习性：多活动在水边浅水处和沼泽地上。以蠕虫、小蚌、田螺、昆虫等为食，也吃小鱼和稻谷。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nGreen Sandpiper, Tringa ochropus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Scolopacidae\nDistribution: Can be found from North and South China.\nHabits: It usually forages in shallow water area and swamps. Feed on worms, small clams, snails, insects, and also small fishes and grains.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鹬科Scolopacidae\n分布：繁殖于中国西北、华北及东北；冬季南迁至北纬32°以南的沿海、河流及湿地。\n习性：栖息于江河沿岸、湖泊、水库、水塘岸边。吃无脊椎动物和小型脊椎动物。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nCommon Sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Scolopacidae\nDistribution: It breeds in Northwest, North and Northeast China, and migrates to coasts, rivers, and wetlands south of 32° N.\nHabits: It inhabits river banks, lakes, reservoirs, and pond banks. Feeds on small vertebrates and invertebrates such as insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：漂鹬\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鹬科Scolopacidae\n分布：在中国罕见，偶见于南方，包括台湾。\n习性：栖息于山地溪流、湖泊、水塘岸边和海边岩礁地带。以蠕虫、小蚌、田螺、昆虫等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nWandering Tattler, Heteroscelus incanus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Scolopacidae\nDistribution: Rare bird in China. Occasionally occurs in southern region, including Taiwan.\nHabits: It inhabits mountainous streams, lakes, pond bands, and costal rocky regions and reefs. Feeds on worms, small clams, snails, and insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：普通沙锥、田鹬\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鹬科Scolopacidae\n分布：在中国分布于黑龙江、内蒙古、西藏以及华南等地。\n习性：栖息于冻原、湖泊、芦苇塘和沼泽地带。以蚂蚁、蚯蚓和软体动物为食，也吃小鱼和杂草种子。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nCommon Snipe, Gallinago gallinago</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Scolopacidae\nDistribution: In China, it mainly distributes in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and South China, etc.\nHabits: It inhabits frozen tundra, lakes, reed ponds, and swampy areas. Feeds on ants, earthworms, mollusks, small fishes, and weed seeds.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鸥科Laridae\n分布：繁殖于山东及福建沿海，越冬于华南及华东沿海和台湾。\n习性：栖息于沿海海岸沙滩、悬岩、草地。主要在海面上捕食上层鱼类为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nBlack-Tailed Gull, Larus crassirostris</h3>\nTaxonomy: Charadriiformes, Family Laridae\nDistribution: It breeds in coasts of Shandong and Fujian, and overwinters in South China, eastern Coasts, and Taiwan.\nHabits: It inhabits costal sand beaches, hanging rocks, and grasslands. Mainly preys on epipelagic fishes in the sea surface.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：黑背鸥、淡红脚鸥、黄腿鸥、鱼鹰子\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鸥科Laridae\n分布：在中国主要分布于南部沿海。\n习性：栖息于苔原、荒漠、湖泊、沼泽以及海岸与海岛上，主要以鱼和水生无脊椎动物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nEuropean Herring Gull</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Laridae\nDistribution: Mainly occurs in southern coasts in China.\nHabits: It inhabits tundra, deserts, lakes, swamps, sea coasts, and islands. Mainly feeds of fishes and aquatic invertebrates.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鸥科Laridae\n分布：在中国分布于东北、山东、福建、广东、云南等地。\n习性：栖息于海岸的岩礁、海湾、港口和渔场。以小鱼、虾、螺、蛤类为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nSaty-Backed Gull, Larus schistisagus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Laridae\nDistribution: In China, it can be found from Northeast, Shandong, Fujian, Guangdong, and Yunnan.\nHabits: It inhabits coastal rocks, reefs, bays, ports, and fisheries. Feeds on small fishes, shrimps, snails, and clams.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鸥科Laridae\n分布：在中国分布于新疆、青海、四川、甘肃、云南等地。\n习性：海岸、海岛、大的咸水湖。有时也到大的淡水湖和河流。渔鸥主要以鱼为食，也吃鸟卵、雏鸟、蜥蜴、昆虫、甲壳类，以及鱼和其它动物内脏等废弃物。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nPallas’s Gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Laridae\nDistribution: In China, it can be found from Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, and Yunnan, etc.\nHabits: It inhabits coasts, islands, and large saltwater lakes. Sometimes, it also visits large freshwater lakes and rivers. It mainly feeds on fishes, and also bird eggs and nestlings, lizards, insects, crustaceans, and wastes such as animal and fish innards.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：笑鸥、钓鱼郎\n分类：鸥形目 Lariformes 鸥科 Laridae\n分布：在北美、欧洲和亚洲大部分地区的北部繁殖。在中国，越冬于南方沿海和内陆湿地。\n习性：栖息于平原和低山丘陵地带的湖泊。主要以鱼，以及虾、水生昆虫、甲壳类、软体动物等水生无脊椎动物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nBlack-Headed Gull, Larus ridibundus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Laridae\nDistribution: Breeds in a vast area in northern North America and Eurasia. In China, they overwinter in southern coasts and inland wetlands.\nHabits: It inhabits lakes in plains and lowland hills. Mainly feeds on fishes and aquatic invertebrates such as shrimps, insects, crustaceans, and mollusks.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：花斑钓鱼郎\n分类：佛法僧目Coraciiformes翠鸟科Alcedinidae\n分布：分布于中国东部和西南地区。\n习性：栖息于溪河间，特别喜欢生活在清澈的潺潺小溪边。以虾、蟹、水生昆虫及蝌蚪等为食。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nCrested Kingfisher, Megaceryle lugubris</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Coraciidormes, Family Alcedinidae\nDistribution: In China, it can be found from eastern and southwestern regions.\nHabits: It inhabits among streams, and has a special fondness for clear and gurgling brooks. Feeds on shrimps, craps, aquatic insects, and tadpoles.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：鱼虎、鱼狗、钓鱼翁、大翠鸟、蓝翡翠、秦椒嘴\n分类：佛法僧目 Coraciiformes 翠鸟科 Alcedinidae\n分布：分布于北非、欧亚大陆、东南亚岛屿等地区。\n习性：栖息于有灌丛或疏林、水清澈而缓流的小河、溪涧、湖泊以及灌溉渠等水域。食物以小鱼为主。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nCommon Kingfisher, Alcedo atthis</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Eurasian Kingfisher, River Kingfisher\nDistribution: It can be found from North Africa, Eurasian mainland, and southeast Asian islands.\nHabits: It inhabits small brooks, streams, lakes, irrigation canals with brushes, sparse forests, and clear and slow water. Its food source mainly contains small fishes.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：佛法僧目 Coraciiformes 翠鸟科 Alcedinidae\n分布：中国西藏的东南部和东南沿海地区，以及中南半岛。\n习性：栖息于旷野、河流、池塘及海边。完全是肉食性。主要食物是无脊椎动物，如蟋蟀、蜘蛛、蝎子、和蜗牛。它也吃小型脊椎动物，如小鱼，小蛇和蜥蜴。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nWhite-Throated Kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: White-Breasted Kingfisher\nTaxonomy: Order Coraciidormes, Family Alcedinidae\nDistribution: Southeastern Tibet and southeastern coasts of China, and Mainland Southeast Asia.\nHabits: It inhabits open fields, rivers, ponds, and coasts. Entirely predatory, it mainly preys on invertebrates such as crickets, spiders, scorpions, and snails. Small vertebrates are also comsumed, including small fishes, snakes, and lizards.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸥形目 Lariformes 鹬科Scolopacidae\n分布：迁徙时在中国华东及华中的大部分地区可见，越冬在台湾、广东及香港等地。\n习性：栖息于沿海或内陆淡水与盐水湖泊、河流、水塘和泽沼地带。主要以小鱼，以及虾、水生昆虫、甲壳类、软体动物等水生无脊椎动物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nLong-Toed Stint, Calidris subminuta</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Lariformes, Family Scolopaciodae\nDistribution: Observable in most areas in East and Central China during migration. Overwinters in Taiwan, Guangdong, and Hong Kong, etc.\nHabits: It inhabits coasts, and freshwater and saltwater lakes, rivers, ponds, and swampy areas in the mainland. Mainly feeds small fishes and small aquatic invertebrates such as shrimps, insects, crustaceans, and mollusks.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：白鹭鸶、鹭鸶、风漂公子、白漂鸟、冬庄\n分类：鹈形目Pelecaniformes 鹭科 Ardeidae\n分布：全球温带地区。\n习性：栖息于海滨、湖泊、河流、沼泽。以鱼、软体动物、甲壳动物、水生昆虫等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nGreat Egret, Egretta alba</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Common Egret, Large Egret, Great White Egret, Great White Heron\nTaxonomy: Order Pelecaniformes, Family Ardeidae\nDistribution: All the temperate zones worldwide.\nHabits: It inhabits coasts, lakes, rivers, and swamps. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：红腿娘子、高跷鸻\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes反嘴鹬科Recurvirostridae\n分布：繁殖在中国东北、日本等地，冬季几乎遍布世界各地。\n习性：常单独或成小群栖息在浅水中或沼泽。主要以软体动物、甲壳类、小鱼和蝌蚪等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nBlack-Winged Stilt, Himantopus himantopus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Recurvirostridae\nDistribution: It breeds in Northeast China and Japan. In winter, it can be observed almost worldwide.\nHabits: It usually inhabits shallow water or swamps solely or grouped in small bevies. Mainly feeds on mollusks, crustaceans, small fishes, and tadpoles.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：黑领鸻\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鸻科Charadriidae\n分布：繁殖于华北、华中及东南；至云南及沿海越冬。\n习性：栖息于开阔平原和低山丘陵地带的湖泊以及沼泽中。主要吃小型水生无脊椎动物，包括鳞翅目和鞘翅目幼虫。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nLittle Ringed Plover, Charadrius dubius</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Charadriidae\nDistribution: It breeds in North, Central and Southeast China. Overwinters in Yunnan and coastal regions.\nHabits: It inhabits open plains, and lakes and swamps in lowlands and hills. Mainly feeds on lepidopterans and coleopterans, and other aquatic invertebrates.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：林札子\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes 鹬科Scolopacidae\n分布：在中国分布于华北和华南等地。\n习性：栖息于林中或林缘开阔沼泽、湖泊、水塘与溪流岸边。主要以小型无脊椎动物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nWood Sandpiper, Tringa glareola</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Scolopacidae\nDistribution: In China, it can be found from North and South China, etc.\nHabits: It inhabits forests or open swamps in forest edge, lakes, ponds, and stream banks. Mainly feeds on small invertebrates.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：黄头鹭、畜鹭、放牛郎\n分类：鹈形目Pelecaniformes 鹭科 Ardeidae\n分布：分布于全球温带地区，中国见于长江以南各省。\n习性：栖息于平原草地、水库、山脚平原和低山水田、旱田和沼泽地。主要以蝗虫、牛蝇、金龟子、地老虎等昆虫为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nCattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Pelecaniformes, Family Ardeidae\nDistribution: It can be found from all the temperate zones around the world. In China, it can be found from provinces south of the Yangtze River.\nHabits: It inhabits grassland in plains, reservoirs, foothill plains, dry fields, and swamps. Mainly feeds on grasshoppers, warble flies, scarabs, and caterpillars.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：冠鸭、白鸭、翘鼻鸭、掘穴鸭、潦鸭\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：分布于欧洲和亚洲。在中国主要分布于黑龙江、吉林、甘肃、青海和新疆。\n习性：栖息于淡水湖泊、河流、盐池、盐田及海湾等湿地。主要以昆虫、软体动物、小鱼、藻类、植物嫩芽和种子等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nCommon Shelduck, Tadorna tadorna</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: It can be found from Europe and Asia. In China, it can mainly be found from Heilongjiang, Jilin, Gansu, Qinghai, and Xinjiang.\nHabits: It inhabits wetlands such as freshwater lakes, rivers, salt ponds, saltworks, and harbors. Mainly feeds on insects, mollusks, small fishes, algae, tender buds, and seeds.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：小秧鸡\n分类：鹤形目Gruiformes秧鸡科Rallidae\n分布：中国东北、河北、陕西、河南及新疆喀什地区。迁徙时经中国大多数地区。\n习性：栖于沼泽型湖泊及多草的沼泽地带。杂食性，但食谱中大部分为水生昆虫及其幼虫。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nBaillon's Crake, Porzana pusilla</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Marsh Crake\nDistribution: Northeast China, Hebei, Shaanxi, Henan, and Kashgar in Xinjiang. Can be seen in most areas of China during migration.\nHabits: It inhabits swamp-type lakes and swampy areas with multiple grasses. Omnivorous, but a major portion of its diet is made of aquatic insects and their larvae.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鸥科Laridae\n分布：迁徙时见于中国东北各省。越冬在整个沿海地区；也见于华东及华南地区的大部分内陆湖泊及河流。\n习性：喜欢群集于食物丰盛的海域。以海滨昆虫例如蛴螬、软体动物、甲壳类及蠕虫为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nCommon Gull, Larus canus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Laridae\nDistribution: Can be seen in provinces of Northeast China during migration. Overwinters in the entire coastal region; also occurs in most inland lakes and rivers in East and South China.\nHabits: It prefers to accumulate in sea regions with abundant food. Feeds on coastal insects such as grubs, crustaceans, and worms.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：东方环颈鸻\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鸻科Charadriidae\n分布：美洲、非洲及古北界的南部；南方越冬。\n习性：栖息于河滩、湖泊、沼泽、盐湖等湿地。主要以昆虫、蠕虫、小型甲壳类和软体动物为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nKentish Plover, Charadrius alexandrinus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Charadriidae\nDistribution: North America, Africa, and southern Palearctic Region. Overwinters in the south.\nHabits: It inhabits wetlands including river banks, lakes, swamps, and salt lakes. Mainly feed insects, worms, small crustaceans, and mollusks.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：蓝鱼狗、鱼腥\n分类：佛法僧目Coraciiformes翠鸟科Alcedinidae\n分布：繁殖于华东、华中及华南从辽宁至甘肃的大部地区。\n习性：栖息于大河流两岸、河口及红树林。以鱼为食，也吃虾、螃蟹和各种昆虫。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nBlack-Capped Kingfisher, Halcyon pileata</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Coraciiformes, Family Alcedinidae\nDistribution: It breeds in most regions in East, Central and South China from Liaoning to Gansu.\nHabits: It inhabits banks of large rivers, estuaries, and mangrove forests. Feeds on fishes, and also shrimps, crabs, and various kinds of insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：葭鳽、小水骆驼、 独春鸟、粟小鹭\n分类：鹈形目Pelecaniformes 鹭科 Ardeidae\n分布：在中国主要分布于辽东半岛、河北、河南、陕西、四川、云南和长江中下游及其以南地区。\n习性：栖息于芦苇沼泽、水塘、溪流和水稻田中。以小鱼、小螃蟹、水蜘蛛以及各种昆虫为食物。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nCinnamon Bittern, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Chestnut Buttern\nTaxonomy: Order Pelecaniformes, Family Ardeidae\nDistribution: Mainly distributes in Liaodong Peninsula, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, middle and downstream of the Yangtze River and its southern regions.\nHabits: It inhabits reed swamp, ponds, streams, and paddy fields. Feeds on small fishes, small crabs, water spiders, and various kinds of insects.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鹬科Scolopacidae\n分布：在中国为罕见的迷鸟或旅鸟。\n习性：栖息于海滨、河口、泻湖、盐泽、水田等地。以多种昆虫、软体动物、小鱼等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nLesser Yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Scolopacidae\nDistribution: Rare straggler or migrant bird in China.\nHabits: It inhabits coasts, estuaries, lagoons, salt lakes, and paddy fields. Feeds on various kinds of insects, mollusks, and fishes.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：油鸭、水葫芦、油葫芦、王八鸭子\n分类：鸊鷉目Podicipediformes 鸊鷉科Podicedidae\n分布：在中国大部分开阔水面都能见到小䴙䴘。\n习性：栖息于湖泊、水塘、水渠、池塘和沼泽地带。主要以各种小型鱼类为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nLittle Grebe, Tachybatus ruficollis</h3>\nOther Vernacular Name: Dabchick\nTaxonomy: ORder Podicipediformes, Family Podicedidae\nDistribution: It can be observed in most open areas in China.\nHabits: It inhabits lakes, ponds, canals, puddles, and swampy areas. Mainly feeds on various kinds of small fishes.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：乌仁哈钦、官鸭、匹鸟、邓木鸟\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes鸭科Anatidae\n分布：分布于中国、日本、韩国、朝鲜、俄罗斯。\n习性：主要栖息于山地森林河流、湖泊、水塘、芦苇沼泽和稻田地中。杂食性。\n保护级别：中国Ⅱ级重点保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nMandarin Duck, Aix galericulata</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: It mainly distributes in China, Japan, South and North Korea, and Russian Federation.\nHabits: It mainly inhabits mountainous and wooded rivers, lakes, ponds, reed swamps, and paddy fields. Omnivorous.\nProtection Level: National Important Protected Animal Class II.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：土燕子\n分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes燕鸻科Glareolidae\n分布：繁殖于亚洲东部；冬季南迁经印度尼西亚至澳大利亚。\n习性：形态优雅，以小群至大群活动，性喧闹。与其他涉禽混群，栖于开阔地、沼泽地及稻田。善走，头不停点动。飞行优雅似燕，于空中捕捉昆虫。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nOriental Pratincole, Glareola maldivarum</h3>\nOther Vernacular Names: Grasshopper-Bird, Swallow-Plover\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Glareolidae\nDistribution: It breeds in eastern Asia, and migrates to Australia through Indonesia in winter.\nHabits: Elegant. Forages in small to large bevies, making noise. Often mixed with other wading birds. Inhabits open lands, swamps, and paddy fields. Prefers to walk and continuously nodding head. Fly with elegant posture as swallows. Prey on insects during flight.\nProtection Level: National Important Protected Animal Class II.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：灰胸秧鸡\n分类：鹤形目Gruiformes 秧鸡科Rallidae\n分布：印度次大陆、中国南部、东南亚。\n习性：栖于溪流、水沟边的草丛间。夏季插秧后，也在秧苗丛中活动、觅食。善奔跑、隐匿。食物以软体动物、水生昆虫为主，也取食种子和幼嫩植物。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nSlaty-Breasted Rail, Gallirallus striatus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Gruiformes, Family Rallidae\nDistribution: Indian Subcontinent, South China, Southeast Asia including the Philippines and the Greater Sunda Islands.\nHabits: It inhabits streams and grasses near water canals. After rice transplanting in summer, it often forages among the rice plants. It is good at running and hiding. Food sources mainly include mollusks and aquatic insects. Seeds and tender plants are also consumed.\nProtection Level: National Important Protected Animal Class II.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鹬科Scolopacidae\n分布：繁殖于中亚至东北亚，南移至非洲沿海、印度、东南亚及澳大利亚。\n习性：与其他涉禽混群，在沿海泥滩及沙滩活动，有时大群数量多达数百只。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nLesser Sand Plover, Charadrius mongolus</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Scolopacidae\nDistribution: It breeds through Central Asia to Northeast Asia, and south to the African Coasts, India, Southeast Asia including Malaysia, and Australia.\nHabits: Mixing with other waders, it forages in costal mud and sand beaches. Sometimes grouped in large bevy with hundreds of individuals.\nProtection Level: National Important Protected Animal Class II.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","分类：鸻形目Charadriiformes鹬科Scolopacidae\n分布：在中国繁殖于东北及西北的天山地区，迁徙时见于中国大部分地区。在西藏南部、云南及中国北纬32度以南的大多数地区越冬。\n习性：常出现于湿草甸和沼泽地。遍布全球温带和暖和地区。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nSnipe, Gallinago sp.</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Charadriiformes, Family Scolopacidae\nDistribution: It breeds in Northeast China and the Tianshan Mountains in Northwest. Can be seen in most areas during migration. Overwinters in southern Tibet, Yunnan, and regions southern of 32°N。\nHabits: Often occurs in wet grasslands and swamps. Widely distributed in the temperate zones and other warm areas around the world.\nProtection Level: National Important Protected Animal Class II.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd.","别名：白目凫、东方白眼鸭、青头鸭\n分类：雁形目Anseriformes 鸭科Anatidae\n分布：中国分布于东南沿海地区、香港、海南岛。\n习性：栖息在富有芦苇和蒲草等水生植物的小湖中。主要以各种水草的根、叶、茎和种子等为食。\n保护级别：中国“三有”保护动物。\n大理洱海保护投资建设有限责任公司<br/><h3>\nBaer's pochard, Aythya baeri</h3>\nTaxonomy: Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae\nDistribution: In China, it occurs in southeastern coastal regions, Honkong, and Hainan Island.\nHabits: It inhabits small lakes with flourishing aquatic plants such as reed and cattail. Mainly feeds on roots, leaves, stems and seeds of various kinds of aquatic plants.\nProtection Level: National Protected Animal with “Three Values”.\nDali Erhai Protection, Investment, and Construction Co. Ltd."],images:63},{id:"E8o3eO034323",title:["五项整治Five Managements"],content:["\n            <p>牢记习总书记嘱托：一定要把洱海保护好，让“苍山不墨千秋画，洱海无弦万古琴”的自然美景永驻人间。<br/>Keep firmly in mind of the General Secretary’s entrustment: Spare no effort to conserve the Erhai Lake well, and let the natural and beautiful scene of “Cangshan Mountain is inkless but an eternal scroll, and Erhai Lake is stringless but zithers everlasting” to stay forever in the human world.</p><p>大理州市党委、政府以规划为引领，以“流域截污治污、入湖河道综合整治、流域生态建设、水资源统筹利用、产业结构调整、流域监控保障”六大类工程为抓手，全力实施《洱海保护治理与流域生态建设“十三五”规划》及8个专项子规划，规划总投资215亿元，着力补齐以洱海保护治理为重点的生态文明建设短板。2015年1月，习近平总书记考察大理其间作出了“一定要把洱海保护好”的重要指示，大理市牢记总书记嘱托，按照省、州党委、政府的统一安排部署，围绕洱海流域开发建设有序，污染负荷降低，生态环境改善的目标，2015年4月启动实施了洱海流域环境综合整治工作。<br/>Guided by the plans, impelled by the six categories of projects including “Sewage Intercepting and Management in the Basin, Comprehensive Management of the Lake-entering Rivers, Ecological Construction of the Basin, Overall Utilization of Water Sources, Rearrangement of the Industrial Structure, and Monitoring and Guarantee of the Basin”, the prefectural and municipal party committees and government implemented the Protection and Management of the Erhai Lake and Ecological Construction of the Basin in the “13th Five Year Plan” and eight special subplans with full strength. The total investment was 21,500,000,000 yuan and the aims were to put off efforts towards the completion of the short board in the construction of ecological civilization, which is focally represented by the protection and management of the Erhai Lake. In January 2015, the important instructions of “spare no effort to conserve the Erhai Lake well” was announced by the General Secretary Xi Jinping during his visit to Dali. In the light of the overall arrangement and deployment by the provincial and prefectural party committee and government, the city of Dali kept firmly in mind of the General Secretary’s entrustment, aimed at the orderly development and construction around the Erhai Basin, the reduced pollutive loads, and the improved ecological environment, and initiated the comprehensive management of the environment in the Erhai Basin in April 2015.</p><p>一、“两污”整治<br/>1. Management of “Two Wastes”</p><p>2015、2016两年共排查封堵主要入湖河道排污口815个，建成污水收集处理系统114个，清运处置垃圾46.81万吨，收集处理畜禽粪便19.07万吨，清除淤泥42714方，腐烂物5136方，杂草2069吨，严厉打击违法排污行为，查处26起违法排污行为，罚款80.65万元，拆除和整改洱海擅自取水点53个。<br/>During 2015 to 2016, a total of 815 sewage outlets in major lake-entering rivers were examined and plugged, 114 sewage collecting and treatment system were constructed, 468,100 tons of solid wastes were cleaned and removed, 190,700 tons of livestock and poultry excrements were collected and treated, and 42714 m3 of sludge, 5136 m3 of decomposed masses, and 2069 tons of weeds were removed. Illegal sewage-discharging activities were seriously crackdown. Twenty-six illegal sewage discharging activities were examined and punished involving 806,500 yuan of penalties, and 53 unauthorized water-fetching localities were dismantled and rectified.</p><p>封堵洱海流域排污口<br/>Plugging Sewage Outlets in the Erhai Basin</p><p>实施生态库塘建设<br/>Implementing the Construction of Ecological Ponds and Reservoirs</p><p>加强垃圾中转站建设<br/>Reinforcing the Construction of Waste Transfer Station</p><p>二、违章建筑整治<br/>2. Management of Unauthorized Buildings</p><p>全面叫停农村住房在建项目，由各乡镇对辖区农村住房在建项目土地、规划等审批手续办理情况进行全面清理核查，严厉打击少批多占、一户多宅和非法买卖集体土地行为，严格整治违法违规用地和占滩行为，共强制拆除违法违章建筑1487户，拆除面积18.82万平方米。<br/>All the projects of rural domestic buildings under construction were suspended. Conditions of examining and approving formalities of lands and designs of projects of rural domestic buildings under construction were fully examined and verified by each townships in their territories. Actions such as less permitted but more occupied, a single households with more than one houses, and illegally trade of collectively-owned lands were harshly punished. Illegal and unauthorized utilizations of lands and lakeshore-occupations were severely managed. Illegal and unauthorized buildings of 1487 households were forcedly dismantled, involving an area of 188,200 m2.</p><p>依法拆除沿湖违章建筑<br/>Demolishing Unauthorized Buildings around the lake according to law</p><p>农村住房在建项目挂牌公示制度<br/>Listing and Publicity System of Rural Domestic Buildings under Construction</p><p>开展村庄规划建设巡查<br/>Implementing Patrol for Rural Design and Construction</p><p>三、市场秩序整治<br/>3. Management of Market Order</p><p>加强市场秩序整治，坚决打击洱海流域餐饮客栈经营户证照不全、生产经营污水直排洱海等违法行为，查处电捕鱼违法行为61起，公开审理非法捕鱼案件6起。督促经营户期限办理完善证照手续1731户，治理超店面经营7682起，取缔违规经营摊贩1840起。<br/>Management of market order was reinforced. Illegal actions such as the incompletion of licenses of restaurants and hotels around the Erhai Basin, and the direct discharging of productive and operating sewage into the Erhai Lake were cracked down. Sixty-one cases of illegal electric fishing were examined and punished, and six cases of illegal fishing were openly judged. A total of 1731 operators were supervised and urged to complete their licenses and documents, 7682 cases of out-of-store operations were rectified, and 1840 cases of unauthorized operations were prohibited.</p><p>排查整治沿湖客栈餐饮经营户<br/>Examining and Managing Restaurants and Hotels around the Lake</p><p>封湖禁渔其间渔业市场巡查<br/>Patrolling the Fish Market during Lake-Closing and Fishing-Banning Period</p><p>公开审理非法捕鱼案件<br/>Openly Judging of an Illegal Fishing Case</p><p>四、交通和消防整治<br/>4. Management of Transportation and Fire Prevention</p><p>取缔洱海湖面鱼鹰表演经营户7户及经营用船303艘，取缔非法载客手划船1466艘，查处交通违法行为37.1万起，暂扣各类交通违法车辆2205辆。同时加强消防安全管理和日常监督检查，对1023家重点防火对象建立消防安全档案卡，着力消除消防安全隐患。<br/>Seven households that operate osprey-performing and their 303 operating vessels were banned, and 1466 rowing boats for illegal passenger carrying were prohibited. A total of 371,000 behavioral cases of traffic violation were examined and punished, involving various vehicles of traffic violation. Meantime, the fire-prevention security management and daily monitoring and examinations were reinforced. Fire-prevention security cards were established for 1023 key-objected households in order to eliminate any hidden dangers in fire-prevention.</p><p>整治非法载客手划船<br/>Managing Rowing Boats for Illegal Passenger Carrying</p><p>开展道路交通整治<br/>Performing Management of Road Traffic</p><p>移除洱海湖面鱼鹰表演船只<br/>Removal of Osprey-Performing Vessels on the Surface of the Erhai Lake</p><p>五、“为官不为”整治<br/>5. Management of “Official Inactions”</p><p>综合整治其间，市纪检监察机关共约谈各级党员干部182人，对1名镇长1名副镇长采取停职检查的组织措施，问责党员干部51人，给予纪律处分4人，坚决把纪律挺在工作前面，营造风清气正的干事创业环境。<br/>During the comprehensive management period, 182 party cadres were scheduled meetings by the municipal inspection and supervision departments, one head and one vise head of the town have been took organizational measures of suspending from work while being investigated, 51 party cadres have been called to account, and 4 persons received disciplinary punishments. The discipline has always being hold before the works to create a clean and righteous environment for operation and innovation.</p>\n            "]},{id:"R41Wel048152",title:["八大攻坚战 Eight Critical Battles"],content:["<p>大理市洱海保护治理·八大攻坚战<br/>Protection and Management of the Erhai Lake, Dali City · Eight Critical Battles</p><p>2015年以来，大理的干部群众牢记习近平总书记的殷殷嘱托，启动了洱海保护治理“七大行动”、“三线”划定生态搬迁等一系列攻坚战和持久战。按照省、州、市党委政府的部署要求，2018年大理市洱海保护治理再次擂响战鼓，组建大理市洱海保护治理及流域转型发展指挥部高位推动，全力以赴打好洱海保护治理“八大攻坚战”，奋力开启洱海保护治理及流域转型发展新征程。2018年、2019年洱海全湖水质连续两年实现7个月II类、5个月III类，未发生规模化蓝藻水华，主要水质指标变化趋势总体向好。<br/>Since 2015, the leaders and general publics of Dali keep firmly in mind of the General Secretary Xi Jinping’s ardent entrusts, and initiated a series of critical battles and protracted wars to protect and manage the Erhai Lake, such as the “Seven Actions” and the “Three Lines” designation for ecological relocation. In 2018, according to the arrangement and requirements of the provincial, prefectural, and municipal party committees and governments, the war drum of the protection of the Erhai Lake was once again beaten in Dali City. The commander center for the protection and management of the Erhai Lake and the transformational development of the Basin was constructed and highly operated, to spare no effort to fight the “Eight Critical Battles” of the protection and management of the Erhai Lake well, and strive to initiate a new journey of the protection and management of the Erhai Lake and the transformational development of the Basin. In 2018 and 2019, the water quality of the whole Erhai Lake achieved II grade in seven months and III grade in five months for two continuous years, no large-scaled cyanobacterial water bloom occurred, and the major indicators of water quality generally tend towards a positive direction.</p><p>一、环湖截污攻坚战<br/>1. Critical Battle of Sewage-Intercepting around the Lake</p><p>加快开展洱海流域截污治污体系设备调试运行管理工作，强化对污水处理设施、配套管网等截污治污设施的建管用，实现洱海流域城乡生活污水的全收集、全处理、达标排放，实现截污治污体系规范化运行。<br/>Accelerating the debugging, operating and management tasks of the sewage intercepting and management system in the Erhai Basin, reinforcing the construction, management, and utilization of the sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipeline network, achieving the total collection, total treatment, and standardized emission of the urban and rural sewage in the Erhai Basin, and accomplishing the standardized operation of the sewage intercepting and management system.</p><p>二、生态搬迁攻坚战<br/>2. Critical Battle of Ecological Relocation</p><p>依法划定洱海生态环境保护“三线”，解决长期以来人为侵占等因素造成湖滨生态岸线碎片化以及湖滨带污染物的截、蓄、净等生态功能削弱问题，实现科学合理的生态空间、生活空间和生产空间布局，推动形成洱海流域人与自然和谐共生的绿色发展新局面。<br/>Designating “Three Lines” of the protection of the ecological environment of the Erhai Lake according to the law, resolving the fragmentation of the lakeside ecological shorelines and the reduction of the ecological functions of interception, preservation and purification of pollutants in the lakeshores due to factors such as the long-term artificial occupations, achieving scientific and reasonable layout of ecological, domestic and productive spaces, and pushing forward to form a new situation of green development in the Erhai Basin, where human and nature co-exist in harmony.</p><p>三、矿山整治攻坚战<br/>3. Critical Battle of Mine Management</p><p>积极稳妥分类处置大理市洱海流域内现有矿山，依法有序关闭和退出，全面关闭退出大理市洱海流域内除地热、矿泉水外的所有矿山，科学推进矿山生态修复工作，确保退得出、稳得住、不反弹。<br/>Positively, reliably and classifically treating existing mines in the Erhai Basin of Dali City, and shutting down and withdrawing according to the law. All mines except those relating to geothermal energy and mineral water were totally shut down and withdrawn in the Erhai Basin of Dali City. Scientifically pushing forward the ecological restoration of the mines to ensure successful withdrawing, stable operation, and extinguished rebound.</p><p>四、农业面源污染治理攻坚战<br/>4. Critical Battle of Rural Non-Point Pollution Management</p><p>按照“源头控制、过程阻断、末端消纳”的治理思路，实施“三禁四推”工作，建立生态补偿机制，加快土地流转，推动规模经营，调整产业结构，打造“洱海绿色食品品牌”，努力把洱海流域建设成为农业绿色发展试点先行区。<br/>Under the management thought of “Controlling the Source, Intercepting the Process, and Consuming the End”, to implement works of “Three Bans and Four Pushes”, construct a mechanism of ecological compensation, fasten land circulation, promote large-scaled operation, rearrange industrial structure, build the “Erhai Green Food Brand”, and spare no effort to build the Erhai Basin an antecedent and pilot area for agricultural green development.</p><p>五、河道治理攻坚战<br/>5. Critical Battle of River Course Management</p><p>按照“监测完善、动态倒逼、责任监管、效果明显”的工作思路，认真落实《大理市实施河长制行动计划（2017–2020）》和“一河一策”的有关要求，大幅削减入湖河道污染负荷，2019年洱海流域主要入湖河流全面消灭V类及以下水体。<br/>Under the working thoughts of “Monitoring and Improving, Dynamic and Reversing, Responsibility and Supervision, and Substantial Effects”, to seriously implement Action Plan of the Implementation of the River Administrator System (2017–2020) and relating demands of the “One Set of Policy for One River”, greatly reduce the pollutive load of lake-entering river courses, and totally diminish grade V and worse water bodies in the major lake-entering rivers of the Erhai Basin.</p><p>六、环湖生态修复攻坚战<br/>6. Critical Battle of Ecological Restoration around the Lake</p><p>完善洱海生态空间优化布局，构建湖滨缓冲带核心区域的生态屏障，发挥湿地和湖滨生态带的拦截、净化、缓冲功能，着力恢复洱海生态系统的核心基础，实现洱海流域应绿尽绿，应湿尽湿，为创建生态环境一流、山水林田湖协调发展、人与自然和谐共生宜居流域奠定坚实的生态基础。<br/>Improving and optimizing the ecological space of the Erhai Lake, constructing the ecological barrier in the core area of lakeside buffer zone, giving play to the intercepting, purifying and buffer functions of the wetlands and lakeshore ecological zones, putting off efforts to restore the core foundation of the ecosystem of the Erhai Lake, achieving green and wetland in required area, and building a solid ecological foundation for a livable basin with top-graded ecological environment, coordinate-developed mountains, waters, forests and farmlands, and a harmonious co-existence between human and nature.</p><p>七、水质改善提升攻坚战<br/>7. Critical Battle of the Water Quality Improvement</p><p>从2019年起，全湖水质确保6个月、力争7个月达到II类水质标准，确保水质不下降、不发生规模化蓝藻水华。到2002年，洱海全湖水质总体稳定保持III类，湖心断面水质达到II类，流域污染风险得到有效管控，主要入湖河流水质明显改善，洱海水生态环境质量明显提升。<br/>Since 2019, water quality of the entire lake has been ensured to stay in the grade II for six months and worked hard for seven. Water quality has been ensured to decline no more, and large-scaled cyanobacterial water blooms do not occur. Until 2002, the general water quality met grade III, and the water quality in core section of the lake reached grade II. The risk of pollution in the basin was effectively controlled, the water quality of major lake-entering rivers substantially improved, and the water ecological environment noticeably enhanced in the Erhai Lake.</p><p>八、过度开发建设治理攻坚战<br/>8. Critical Battle of the Management of Over Developing and Construction</p><p>按照现代化建设和跨越式发展要求，建立最严格的管控规划体系，以环境承载力为刚性约束，严格控制流域开发强度和城市规模，面向未来生态城市的建设，突出生态保护、历史文化名城保护、健康生活目的地建设三大核心功能。<br/>Under the demands of modernization construction and leaping development, the most strict management and planning systems were built with a rigid constraint of environmental carrying capacity to strictly control the development density in the basin and urban size, face the construction of a future ecological city, and emphasize three core functions of ecological protection, protection of the historical and cultural city, and construction of a healthy living destination.</p><p>大理市“三线”划定生态搬迁总体情况<br/>General Condition of “Three Lines” Designation for Ecological Relocations</p><p>为进一步加强对洱海湖泊生态系统的保护，科学划定洱海湖区、湖滨带和水生态保护区核心区的保护管理范围，根据相关法律法规及有关规定，大理市启动洱海生态环境保护水生态保护区核心区和“三线”划定工作。大理市“三线”划定环洱海流域湖滨缓冲带生态修复与湿地建设工程得到广大群众的支持，总投资约91.91亿元，生态搬迁腾退土地将用于生态廊道生态修复与建设，恢复自然生态岸线，构建连续完整的湖滨生态屏障。实施“三线”划定，是洱海保护治理迫切的现实需要，是严格空间管控、疏解洱海湖滨人口和环境压力的重要举措，对有效削减入湖污染负荷、构建健康湖泊生态系统具有重要作用，是满足人民群众对美好生态环境需要的必然要求。<br/>In order to reinforce the protection of the ecosystem of the Erhai Lake, the protection and management boundaries of Erhai Lake Area, Lakeshores, and Core Region of the Water Ecology Preserve were scientifically designated. According to the relating laws and regulations, the designation works were initiated for Ecological Environment Protection-Core Region of Water Ecological Preserve and “Three Lines”. With a total investment of 9,191,000,000 yuan, the projects of “Three Lines” designation, ecological restoration of the lakeshore buffer zones of the Erhai Basin, and Wetland Construction earned a wide public support in Dali City. The returned lands from the ecological relocation were utilized in the ecological restoration and construction of the ecological corridor to restore the natural ecological shorelines, and construct a continuous and complete ecological barrier in the lakeshores. The implementation of the “Three Lines” designation is a realistic and urgent demand in the protection and management of the Erhai Lake, a critical action to strengthen space control and reduce the population and environment pressures in the lakeshores of the Erhai Lake, important reductions to the lake-entering pollutive capacity and construction of a healthy lacustrine ecosystem, and the necessary requirement to accomplish people’s demand for a beautiful ecological environment.</p><p>一、基本情况<br/>1. Basic Information</p><p>大理市环洱海生态搬迁涉及下关镇、大理镇、银桥镇、湾桥镇、喜洲镇、上关镇、双廊镇、海东镇等环湖8个镇23个村委会1806户生态搬迁户7271人。启动“三线”划定生态搬迁工作以来，在省、州两级全力支持保障下，省、州、市、镇、村“五级联动”全面动员，市级部门主动下沉一线，镇、村两级勇挑实施主体重担，以攻城拔寨之势全力推进工程实施。截止2018年12月31日，已完成环湖8个镇1806生态搬迁户的拆除任务，拆除建筑面积月64万m2，腾退土地面积约620亩，需异地安置1070户约4280人。 下一步，大理市将严格按照省州党委、政府对生态搬迁户采取异地安置的要求，力争以最快的速度、最优的质量、最高的品质建成“1806”小镇，让搬迁群众“宜安居、兴产业、共发展”。力争2020年实现环湖129公里全覆盖，构建连续完整的湖滨生态屏障。<br/>The ecological relocation around the Erhai Lake in Dali City involves 8 towns, namely Xiaguan, Dali, Yinqiao, Wanqiao, Xizhou, Shangguan, Shuanglang, and Haidong Towns, and 23 villager’s committees, 1806 households and 7271 persons. Since the initiation of the “Three Lines” Designation of ecological relocation, under the provincial and prefectural support and guarantee and the full mobilization of “Five Grades Linkage” from province, prefecture, city, townships and villages, the municipal departments forwardly descend into the frontlines and departments of towns and villages bravely bore the major burden, to push the implementation of the project forward with all strength. Until December 31, 2018, the dismantling task of eight towns and 1806 households around the lake was completed, with dismantled building of 640000 m2, returned land of 620 mu (= 413,333.33 m2), and relocation-needed 1070 households and 4280 persons. In the next, according to the demands of the allopatric settlement of the ecological relocated households by the provincial and prefectural party committees and governments, the Dali City strived to build the small town of “1806” in highest speed and superior quality, and grant the relocated people “Happy Lives, Prosper Industrials, and Corporate Development”. In 2020, Dali worked hard to achieve a total coverage of the lakeshores of 129 km, to build a continuous and complete ecological barrier in the lakeshores.</p><p>原临湖房屋<br/>Previous Lakeside Buildings</p><p>拆除现场<br/>Demolition Scene</p><p>二、搬迁补偿安置原则<br/>2. Principle of Compensation and Settlement of Relocation</p><p>坚持政府主导，群众自主的原则 <br/>坚持规划引领，企业实施的原则 <br/>坚持产业配套，融合发展的原则<br/>Insist the Principle of Government Leads, and Public Autonomy <br/>Insist the Principle of Planning and Guidance, and Industrial Implementation<br/>Insist the Principle of Industrial Supporting, and Merged Development</p><p>三、主要做法<br/>3. Main Actions</p><p>强化组织领导，确保高位统筹推进；<br/>强化法律支撑，确保依法组织实施；<br/>强化资金筹措，确保优先支持保障；<br/>强化工作措施，确保完成搬迁目标；<br/>强化风险化解，确保社会全面稳定。<br/>Reinforce Organization and Leadership, to Make Sure High-Level and Overall Promotion;<br/>Reinforce Legal Support, to Make Sure Organizing and Implementing according to the Law;<br/>Reinforce Financial Raising, to Make Sure Priority, Support and Guarantee;<br/>Reinforce Working Methods, to Make Sure the Completion of Relocation Goals;<br/>Reinforce Risk Resolution, to Make Sure the Total Stability of the Society.</p><p>阮成发省长调研洱海保护治理工作<br/>Provincial Governor Ruan Chengfa Investigates the Protection and Management of the Erhai Lake</p><p>王显刚副省长调研拆除现场<br/>Vice Provincial Governor Wang Xiangang Investigates the Demolition Site</p><p>陈坚书记、杨健州长到下关镇调研拆迁工作<br/>Secretary Chen Jian and Prefectural Governor Yang Jian Investigate Demolition in Xiaguan Town</p><p>高志宏书记、杜淑敏市长到银桥镇调研拆迁工作<br/>Secretary Gao Zhihong and Mayor Du Shumin Investigate Demolition in Yinqiao Town</p><p>召开生态搬迁誓师会<br/>Oath-taking Meeting of Ecological Relocation</p><p>入村现场答疑<br/>Answer Queries by Entering Villages</p><p>一对一政策解答<br/>Policy-Explaining One-to-One</p><p>与拆迁户签订协议<br/>Sign Agreements with Relocating Households</p><p>四、实施效果<br/>4. Results of Implementation</p><p>实施“三线”划定，开展洱海湖滨带的生态修复和生态廊道建设，将给人民群众创造一个环境优美、生态宜居的生活和生态空间，实现老百姓“清水绿岸、鱼翔浅底”的愿景，让广大人民群众共享洱海保护治理成果。<br/>The implementation of “Three Lines” designation, ecological restoration and ecological corridor construction, will construct a domestic and ecological space with a beautiful environment and a high habitability, achieve people’s desired vision that “water is clear, shores are green, and fishes bathe in the glassy water”, and let the broad masses of the people to share the results of the protection and management of the Erhai Lake.</p>  <p>洱海湖滨带生态修复和生态廊道效果图<br/>Design Sketch of the Ecological Restoration and Ecological Corridor in Lakeshores of the Erhai Lake</p><p>一公里示范段航拍实景<br/>Real Scene by Aerial Photography of the 1 km Demonstrative Section</p></p><p>生态廊道断面图<br/>Section Diagram of the Ecological Corridor</p>"]},{id:"wy1LUut047729",title:["七大行动 Seven Major Actions"],content:["<p>采取断然措施 全面实施洱海保护治理“七大行动”<br/>Take Drastic Measures to Fully Implement “Seven Major Actions” of the Protection and Management of the Erhai Lake</p><p>按照省政府第103次、107次常务会议精神和省政府“采取断然措施、开启抢救模式”的要求，坚持以问题为导向，牢固树立“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念，全市广大干部职工以“时不我待、只争朝夕”的精神，按照市委陈坚书记：领导干部要做“我不上谁上”的表率示范，参战人员要尽“我不干谁干”的责任担当，广大群众要有“我不护谁护”的自觉行动指示要求，深入实施洱海保护治理“七大行动”，强力推进洱海保护治理工作。通过不懈努力，洱海水质综合类别2017年实现6个月II类，2018年实现7个月II类，且全年全湖未发生大规模蓝藻水华，生态环境部公布2018年洱海水质为优，洱海保护治理取得了阶段性成效。<br/>According to the spirit of the 103th and 107th executive meetings and the demands of “Take Drastic Measures and Initiate a Rescue Mode” of the provincial government, and the problem-oriented insisting, the concept of “Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets” was established. The broad masses of cadres and workers held a spirit of “Time Wait for No Man, and We Must Seize Every Minute”, the cadres set a demonstrative model of “No One is More Responsible than Myself”, the battle personnel's bore a responsibility of “No One is More Capable than Myself”, and the broad masses of the people volunteered to perform an action demand of “No One Protects rather Ourselves”, to thoroughly implement the “Seven Major Actions” of the protection of the Erhai Lake, and vigorously promote the protection and management works of the Erhai Lake. By their unremitting efforts, the comprehensive rank of the water quality of the Erhai Lake achieved grade II for six months in 2017 and seven months in 2018, and no water blooms occurred throughout the years. The water quality was confirmed a high-class by the Ministry of Ecological Environment in 2018. The protection and management of the Erhai Lake reached a periodical achievement.</p><p>一、流域“两违”整治行动<br/>1. Actions of the Management of “Two Illegals” in the Basin</p><p>按照“城乡一体化”、全域景观化、建设特色化、管理精细化”的要求，强化源头管控，采取疏堵结合的方式，全面开展违章建筑及餐饮客栈违法经营整治工作。划定洱海流域水生态保护区、核心区，在“核心区”内禁止新建除环保设施、公共基础设施以外的建筑物、构筑物，实行只拆不建，禁止拆旧建新，禁止新增餐饮客栈等经营活动。<br/>According to the demands of “Integration of Urban and Rural Areas, Landscaping the Whole City, Characterized Construction, and Refined Management”, management works of the illegal operations of unauthorized buildings, restaurants, and hotels were fully implemented through management and controlling of the source, and a method merging dredging and blocking. The water ecological reserve and its core region were designated for the Erhai Lake. In the “core region”, new buildings and other constructions were banned except facilities for environmental protection or public infrastructure. Methods were implemented to allow demolishment and prohibit constructions, ban new constructions after dismantling old ones, forbid operative activities relating to restaurant and hotels.</p><p>洱海流域餐饮、客栈整治<br/>Management of Restaurants and Hotels in the Erhai Basin</p><p>恢复洱海湖滨带<br/>Restoring the Lakeshores of the Erhai Lake</p><p>拆除违章建筑<br/>Demolishing Unauthorized Buildings</p><p>二、村镇“两污”整治行动<br/>2. Actions of the Management of Rural “Two Wastes”</p><p>强化管理措施，全面查缺补漏，“充分利用老设施，全面建设新设施”，使新老设施有效衔接，2018年6月30日实现洱海流域环湖截污治污体系全覆盖，无死角、无漏点、无盲点，确保不让一滴未经处理的污水直排洱海。不断健全污水设施运行监管机制和中水回用机制，提高污水处理设施精细化管理水平，不断健全完善城乡污水收集、垃圾收集清运处理工作机制，确保全市村镇污水、垃圾得到有效收集处理。<br/>Management methods were reinforced to fully check and repair deficiencies. Through “taking full advantage of the old facilities and constructing the new ones in an all-around way”, the new and old facilities were effectively connected. In June 30, 2018, the sewage intercepting and treating system achieved a fully coverage, dead angle-diminishing, leakage point-free, and blind point-clearing, assuring that not a single drop of untreated sewage entered the Erhai Lake directly. Mechanisms of operation-monitoring of sewage facilities and reclaimed water reuse were continuously improved to increase the fine management level of sewage treatment facilities, continuously improve and complete the working mechanism of the colleting of sewage, collection, transferring, and treatment of wastes in rural and urban areas, and make sure the sewage and solid wastes being effectively collected and treated in all the villages and towns of the whole city.</p><p>农户化粪池建设<br/>Construction of Septic-Tank in Rural Households</p><p>村落污水清运<br/>Sewage Clearing and Transporting in Villages</p><p>清理河道垃圾<br/>Cleaning Wastes in a River Course</p><p>生态库塘建设<br/>Construction of Ecological Ponds and Reservoirs</p><p>推广使用有机肥<br/>Promoting the Utilization of Organic Fertilizers</p><p>划定禁种禁养区<br/>Designating Planting and Breeding Forbidden Area</p><p>有机水稻种植<br/>Growing Organic Rice</p><p>三、面源污染减量行动<br/>3. Actions of Quantity-Reduction of Non-Point Pollutions</p><p>按照“源头控制、合理布局、过程阻断、末端消纳”的治理思路，划定“禁种禁养”区，全面减少高水高肥农作物种植。推动农业产业结构调整优化，引进新型农业经营主体，发展生态高效农业，实现化肥、农药施用量负增长。对禁区内规模化养殖场实施全部搬迁，控制畜禽养殖污染，有效削减面源污染。<br/>Under the management thought of “Controlling the Source, Reasonable Layout, Intercepting the Process, and Consuming the End”, the “Planting and Breeding Forbidden Area” was designated, and the growing of high water and fertilizer crops was fully reduced. The industrial structure of agriculture was rearranged and promoted, the new agricultural management subjects were introduced, and the ecological and high-effective agriculture was developed, to achieve a negative growth of the application amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Relocation was implemented for large-scale farms in the forbidden area, the pollutions caused by livestock and poultry breeding was controlled, and the non-point pollutions were effectively reduced.</p><p>四、节水治水生态修复行动<br/>4. Actions of Ecological Restoration by Save and Manage Water</p><p>以“五级河长制”为抓手，实施“一源一策”，加大河道和农村外部输入性污染治理，全面推进34条主要入湖河道生态治理、湖滨湿地恢复、面山绿化等生态系统建设，增强水源涵养保持能力，促进流域生态环境得到根本改善。严格水资源管理，全面落实节水治水要求，进一步强化水管员职能职责，科学调控农业灌溉用水，严谨大水漫灌，杜绝“泡田水”直排河道，最大限度减少农田灌溉用水的浪费和农田废水污染洱海。<br/>Impelled by the “Five-Grade System of River Administrators” and implementing “One Policy for Each Source”, the management of the external inputting pollutions in the river courses and rural area were reinforced, the systematic constructions of the ecological management of 34 major lake-entering river courses, restoration of lakeshore wetlands, and afforestation in visual surface of mountains were comprehensively promoted, the conservation capacity of water source was increased, and the ecological environment in the basin was substantially being improved. Water sources were strictly managed, the demands of water conservation and management were fully implemented, the functions and responsibilities of the water administrator were further reinforced, the water utilization in agricultural irrigation was scientifically regulated, the flooding irrigations were prohibited, and the “Field Flooding Water” was not allowed to directly entering the river courses, to minimize the waste of water in agricultural irrigations and the pollution to the Erhai Lake caused by the agricultural waste water.</p><p>五、截污治污工程提速行动<br/>5. Actions of the Acceleration of the Project of Waste-Intercepting and Management</p><p>按照“目标倒逼、工期倒排、挂图作战”的工作要求，在确保项目质量和施工安全的前提下，全力加快洱海保护治理项目建设，实行“三班倒”和24小时工作制，经过两次提速，工期缩短半年至一年半，2018年6月30日前实现坝区环湖截污全覆盖，年内完成“十三五”规划内投资40.2亿元、规划外投资18.8亿元。<br/>Under the qualification requirements of “Target Reversely Forcing, Schedule Reversely Arranging, and Operating with Hanging Charts” and the prerequisites of project quality and construction safety, the construction of the project of the protection and management of the Erhai Lake was fully accelerated. Through “Triple Shifts” and 24-hour work schedules and two rounds of accelerations, the construction period shortened by half a year to one and half a year. Before June 30, 2018, the full coverage of sewage-intercepting around the lake was achieved. In the year a planned investment of 4,020,000,000 yuan in the “Five Year Plan” and unplanned investment of 188,000,000 yuan were accomplished.</p><p>加快推进洱海截污治污工程建设<br/>Accelerating the Construction of the Project of the Sewage-Intercepting and Management around the Erhai Lake</p><p>六、流域执法监督行动<br/>6. Actions of Law-Enforcing and Monitoring in the Basin</p><p>突出各级党委、政府在洱海保护治理中的主体作用，严格落实洱海保护治理“党政同责、一岗双责”，形成齐抓共管合力。严格执法监管，整合执法力量，构建联合联动执法工作新格局，对环保违法行为“零容忍”，铁腕执法，确保洱海流域各类违法违规行为及时发现、有效处置。<br/>Highlighting the main function of party committees and governments at each level, the “Equally Responsible Party and Administration, and Double Responsibilities for One Position” were strictly implemented to form a combined force of cooperative seizing and joint management. The law-enforcement and monitor were strictly implemented and the law-enforcing powers were integrated, to construct a new pattern of cooperative and joint law-enforcement, put “Zero-Tolerance” to any illegal behaviors involving environmental protection, implement law-enforcement by iron fists, and assure the timely detecting and effective treatment to various illegal and unauthorized activities in the Erhai Basin.</p><p>加强渔政执法<br/>Reinforcing Fishery Law-Enforcement</p><p>收缴地笼<br/>Taking Over Ground Cages</p><p>占道经营整治<br/>Managing Road-Occupying Business</p><p>集中销毁违法渔具<br/>Centralized Destruction of Illegal Fishing Equipment</p><p>加强流域客栈餐饮经营户监管<br/>Reinforcing Monitoring and Management of the Hotels and Restaurants in the Basin</p><p>七、全民保护洱海行动<br/>7. Actions of Public Participation to the Protection of the Erhai Lake</p><p>充分依靠基层组织和广大人民群众，健全完善全民参与洱海保护治理机制，深入实施洱海流域保护治理宣传教育工程，动员全社会力量参与洱海保护治理，深刻领会习近平总书记“一定要把洱海保护好”的重要指示，将“绿水青山就是金山银山”的发展理念变为全社会保护洱海的行动自觉，提高全民生态环境保护意识，努力营造全民参与洱海保护的良好社会氛围。<br/>Depending on the primary organizations and the broad masses of the people, a mechanism was improved and completed as the public-participated protection and management of the Erhai Lake. The project of the propaganda and education on the protection and management of the Erhai Lake was thoroughly implemented, and all the social powers were mobilized to participate the protection and management of the Erhai Lake. The General Secretory Xi’s important instruction of “Spare no effort to conserve the Erhai Lake well” was deeply comprehended, and the developing concept of “Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets” have been turned into an active consciousness of the entire society to protect the Erhai Lake. The consciousness of the ecological environment protection of all the people was enhanced to diligently create a good social atmosphere where all the people participate the protection of the Erhai Lake.</p><p>全民参与洱海保护<br/>Protecting the Erhai Lake by all the People</p><p>洱海保护市民大讨论<br/>Public Discussion on the Protection of the Erhai Lake</p><p>军民共建参与洱海保护<br/>Protection of the Erhai Lake by Joint Efforts of the Army and the People</p><p>洱海保护走进中央电视台<br/>Protection of the Erhai Lake on the China Central Television</p>"]},{id:"zKP6dH6047752",title:["六大工程Six Major Projects"],content:["<p>统筹“山水林田湖”综合保护治理<br/>Integrated Planning of the Comprehensive Protection and Management of “Mountains, Waters, Forests, Farmlands, and Lakes”</p><p>按照国家“水十条”要求，遵循“问题导向、系统治理、标本兼治”的原则，统筹洱海区域“山水林田湖”综合保护治理，编制了《洱海保护治理与流域生态建设“十三五”规划》，规划实施6大工程76个项目，总投资约273.15亿元。其中大理市实施41个项目，总投资约217.97亿元。<br/>According to the national demands of “Ten Water Articles” and obeying the principle of “Problem-Targeting, Systematic Management, and Curing from both Symptom and Root Cause”, to integrately plan the comprehensive protection and management of “Mountains, Waters, Forests, Farmlands, and Lakes”. The 13th Five Year Plan for Protection and Management of the Erhai Lake and Ecological Construction in the Basin was compiled, which planned the implementation of six major projects and 76 items with a total investment of 27,315,000,000 yuan. Among which, the Dali City bore 41 items with a total investment of 21,797,000,000 yuan.</p><p>一、流域截污治污工程：流域截污治污工程共实施12项，重点推进兴盛桥至天生桥段综合管网工程、环湖截污一期、二期工程、餐厨垃圾、医疗废弃物无害化处理等项目，总投资71.2亿元。<br/>1. Project of Sewage Intercepting and Management in the Basin\n            Project of Sewage Intercepting and Management in the Basin implements 12 items, and focally pushes forward items such as the Comprehensive Pipeline Network Project in section between Xingsheng-Tiansheng Bridges, the Sewage Intercepting Phase I, Phase II, the Harmless Treatment of Kitchen and Medical Wastes, with a total investment of 7,120,000,000 yuan.</p><p>二、主要入湖河道综合治理工程：主要入湖河道综合治理工程共实施5项，重点推进入湖河道综合治理、水土保持工程等项目，总投资18.7亿元。<br/>2. Project of Comprehensive Management of Major Lake-Entering River Courses\n            Project of Comprehensive Management of Major Lake-Entering River Courses deals with five items, and focally pushes forward items such as the Comprehensive Management of Lake-Entering River Courses, and Project of Water and Soil Conservation, with a total investment of 1,870,000,000 yuan.</p><p>三、流域生态建设工程：流域生态建设工程共实施12项，重点推进北三江湿地恢复建设工程、湖泊生态系统调控与生物多样性保护工程、环洱海流域湖滨缓冲带生态修复与湿地建设工程等项目，总投资13.9亿元。<br/>3. Project of Ecological Construction in the Basin\n            Project of Ecological Construction in the Basin deals 12 items, and focally pushes forward items such as the Restorative Construction of the Wetlands of Three Northern Rivers, the Project of the Regulation of Lacustrine Ecosystem and Protection of Biodiversity, and the Ecological Restoration and Wetland Construction in the Lakeshore Buffer Zone around the Erhai Lake, with a total investment of 1,390,000,000 yuan.</p><p>四、水资源统筹利用工程：水资源统筹利用工程共实施9项，重点推进环洱海城乡统筹取水供水工程，海东片区生态灌溉等项目，总投资31.4亿元。<br/>4. Project of Overall Utilization of Water Sources\n            Project of Overall Utilization of Water Sources deals with 9 items, and focally pushes forward items such as the Overall Urban and Rural Water-Fetching and Supplying, and the Ecological Irrigation in Haidong District, with a total investment of 3,140,000,000 yuan.</p><p>五、产业结构调整工程：产业结构调整工程共实施4项，重点推进洱海海西农业面源污染综合治理试点项目工程，农业面源污染综合防治技术推广等项目，总投资1.8亿元。<br/>5. Project of the Adjustment of Industrial Structure\n            Project of the Adjustment of Industrial Structure deals with four items, focally pushes forward items such as the Pilot Area for the Comprehensive Management of Rural Non-Point Pollutions in the Western Bank of the Erhai Lake, and the Technical Popularization of the Comprehensive Management of Rural Non-Point Pollutions, with a total investment of 180,000,000 yuan.</p><p>六、流域监管保障工程：流域监管保障工程共实施4项，重点推进洱海蓝藻控制与应急工程、洱海流域保护治理宣教工程等项目，总投资1.3亿元。<br/>6. Project of the Monitoring and Guarantee in the Basin\n            Project of the Monitoring and Guarantee in the Basin deals with four items, and focally pushes forward items such as the Control and Emergency of Cyanobacteria in the Erhai Lake, and the Propaganda and Education of the Protection and Management of the Erhai Lake, with a total investment of 130,000,000 yuan.</p><p>坚决打赢洱海保护治理攻坚战<br/>Resolutely Assure the Victory of the Critical Battle of the Protection and Management of the Erhai Lake</p>"]}],p=a("7212");a("a7a3"),a("ac1f"),a("466d");function g(){var e=window.navigator.userAgent;return{trident:e.indexOf("Trident")>-1,presto:e.indexOf("Presto")>-1,webKit:e.indexOf("AppleWebKit")>-1,gecko:e.indexOf("Gecko")>-1&&-1===e.indexOf("KHTML"),mobile:/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPod|BlackBerry/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&!/Tablet|iPad/i.test(navigator.userAgent),ios:!!e.match(/\(i[^;]+;( U;)? 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